Abstract
The study was conducted at Adami Tulu and Dugda districts of Oromia regional state, Ethiopia to determine the optimum level of seeding ratio and planting time of cowpea under maize for optimum forage biomass production and maize grain yield. Combinations of four levels of cowpea seeding ratios and four different cowpea planting dates were laid out in a randomized complete block design in factorial arrangement with three replications. The levels of seeding ratios were 100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, 0% (sole maize) for the two districts. The four planting dates for cowpea were simultaneously planting with maize, 10 days after maize planting (DAMP), 20 DAMP and 30 DAMP. The results indicated that increasing seeding ratio of cowpea from 25% to the highest level (100%) resulted in significantly increased cowpea forage biomass yield. Time of cowpea planting in maize also influenced the plant height and biomass yield of cowpea. The highest forage biomass yield was recorded from simultaneously planting of the two crops. On the other hand, seeding ratio of cowpea has significantly influenced the grain yield of maize. It was also indicated that the time of cowpea planting in maize have significantly affected the grain yield of maize with simultaneously planting resulting in the lowest grain yield. The total LER in most of the intercropping system was more than one showing that intercropping of forage legumes with maize is more advantageous than sole cropping of maize. The optimum forage legume biomass yield (1.78 t/ha) was obtained from the combination of seeding ratio of 75% with 10 DAMP without significantly (p>0.05) reducing the grain yield of maize. Hence this combination was recommended for production of cowpea forage and maize grain from intercropping of the two crops in the study areas. From these results, it can be concluded that additional forage can be produced by intercropping cowpea with maize at their appropriate seeding ratio and planting time with a little or no sacrifice in maize grain yield. Moreover, it is important to further demonstrate and promote the recommended maize-cowpea intercropping practices for the end users of the study areas and similar agro-ecologies.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing the cowpea seeding ratio from 25% to 100% significantly increased cowpea forage biomass yield.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatae1 - Treatment
- seeding ratio of cowpeae1
- Outcome
- forage biomass yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- 25%e1
- Setting
- Adami Tulu and Dugda districts of Oromia regional state, Ethiopiae3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“increasing seeding ratio of cowpea from 25% to the highest level (100%) resulted in significantly increased cowpea forage biomass yield”
e3“The study was conducted at Adami Tulu and Dugda districts of Oromia regional state, Ethiopia”
Claim · model-written summary
Time of cowpea planting in maize influenced the plant height and biomass yield of cowpea.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae2
- Treatment
- Time of cowpea planting in maizee2
- Outcome
- plant height and biomass yielde2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Time of cowpea planting in maize also influenced the plant height and biomass yield of cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Simultaneous planting of cowpea and maize gave the highest forage biomass yield.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae2
- Treatment
- simultaneously plantinge3
- Outcome
- forage biomass yielde3
- Direction
- higheste3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Time of cowpea planting in maize also influenced the plant height and biomass yield of cowpea”
e3“The highest forage biomass yield was recorded from simultaneously planting of the two crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea seeding ratio significantly influenced the grain yield of maize.
Zea maysNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“On the other hand, seeding ratio of cowpea has significantly influenced the grain yield of maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Simultaneous planting of cowpea with maize gave the lowest maize grain yield, and planting time significantly affected maize grain yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“the time of cowpea planting in maize have significantly affected the grain yield of maize with simultaneously planting resulting in the lowest grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping forage legumes with maize gave a total land equivalent ratio above one in most systems, more advantageous than sole maize.
- Treatment
- intercropping of forage legumes with maizee7
- Outcome
- total LERe6
- Direction
- more than onee6
- Comparator
- sole cropping of maizee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The total LER in most of the intercropping system was more than one”
e7“intercropping of forage legumes with maize is more advantageous than sole cropping of maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The seeding ratio of 75% with 10 DAMP gave the optimum forage legume biomass yield of 1.78 t/ha.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae2
- Treatment
- seeding ratio of 75% with 10 DAMPe5
- Outcome
- forage legume biomass yielde5
- Value
- 1.78 t/hae5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Time of cowpea planting in maize also influenced the plant height and biomass yield of cowpea”
e5“The optimum forage legume biomass yield (1.78 t/ha) was obtained from the combination of seeding ratio of 75% with 10 DAMP”
Claim · model-written summary
The seeding ratio of 75% with 10 DAMP did not significantly reduce maize grain yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The optimum forage legume biomass yield (1.78 t/ha) was obtained from the combination of seeding ratio of 75% with 10 DAMP”
e6“without significantly (p>0.05) reducing the grain yield of maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of 75% seeding ratio with 10 DAMP is recommended for producing cowpea forage and maize grain by intercropping.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae4
- Outcome
- production of cowpea forage and maize grain from intercroppinge4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Hence this combination was recommended for production of cowpea forage and maize grain from intercropping of the two crops”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend that intercropping practices of maize and cowpea be demonstrated and promoted to end users.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae7
- Outcome
- demonstrate and promote the recommended maize-cowpea intercropping practicese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“it is important to further demonstrate and promote the recommended maize-cowpea intercropping practices”
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