Abstract
Abstract The purpose of the present study is to investigate the role of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), in improving resistance to common bean salt stress. Method shows that common bean seeds were soaked in water and in two concentrations of sodium hydrosulfide (50 and 100 µM) for 8 h. After 25 days from sowing, the pots were irrigated with water and with two concentrations of NaCl (75 and 150 mM) until the end of the experiment. Results revealed that H 2 S relieved salt stress by decreasing growth inhibition and photosynthetic characteristics, and increasing osmolyte contents (proline and glycine betaine). Furthermore, H 2 S reduced oxidative damage by lowering lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, and reactive oxygen species production such as hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, and superoxide anion by increasing non-enzymatic antioxidants such as ascorbic acid and glutathione, as well as enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), and nitrate reductase (NR). Meanwhile, salt stress and H 2 S application increased the endogenous level of H 2 S, which was accompanied by an increase in nitric oxide concentration. H 2 S, in particular, maintained sodium (Na + ) and potassium (K + ) homeostasis in the presence of excess NaCl. In general, H 2 S effectively reduced oxidative stress in common bean plants by increasing relative expression levels of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase ( Cu-ZnSOD ), CAT , and glutathione S-transferase ( GST ). Applying H 2 S to common bean plants could protect them from salinity stress by maintaining the Na + /K + balance, boosting endogenous H 2 S and nitric oxide levels, and preventing oxidative damage by increasing antioxidant activity.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen sulfide relieved salt stress in common bean by decreasing growth inhibition and photosynthetic inhibition.
- Taxon
- Common Bean
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Treatment
- H 2 Se1
- Outcome
- growth inhibition and photosynthetic characteristicse1
- Direction
- decreasinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean Plants”
e1“H 2 S relieved salt stress by decreasing growth inhibition and photosynthetic characteristics, and increasing osmolyte contents (proline and glycine betaine)”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen sulfide increased osmolyte contents (proline and glycine betaine) in salt-stressed common bean.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- H 2 Se1
- Outcome
- osmolyte contentse1
- Direction
- increasinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean Plants”
e1“H 2 S relieved salt stress by decreasing growth inhibition and photosynthetic characteristics, and increasing osmolyte contents (proline and glycine betaine)”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen sulfide lowered lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage and reactive oxygen species production in common bean.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- H 2 Se1
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, and reactive oxygen species productione1
- Direction
- loweringe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean Plants”
e1“H 2 S reduced oxidative damage by lowering lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, and reactive oxygen species production”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen sulfide increased the non-enzymatic antioxidants ascorbic acid and glutathione in common bean.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- H 2 Se1
- Outcome
- non-enzymatic antioxidantse2
- Direction
- increasinge2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean Plants”
e1“H 2 S reduced oxidative damage”
e2“increasing non-enzymatic antioxidants such as ascorbic acid and glutathione”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen sulfide increased enzymatic antioxidants (SOD, CAT, POX, APX, GR and NR) in common bean.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- H 2 Se1
- Outcome
- enzymatic antioxidantse2
- Direction
- increasinge2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean Plants”
e1“H 2 S reduced oxidative damage”
e2“by increasing non-enzymatic antioxidants such as ascorbic acid and glutathione, as well as enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), and nitrate reductase (NR)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress and hydrogen sulfide application increased the endogenous H2S level in common bean.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- salt stress and H 2 S applicatione1
- Outcome
- endogenous level of H 2 Se1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean Plants”
e1“salt stress and H 2 S application increased the endogenous level of H 2 S, which was accompanied by an increase in nitric oxide concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress and hydrogen sulfide application increased nitric oxide concentration in common bean.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- salt stress and H 2 S applicatione1
- Outcome
- nitric oxide concentratione1
- Direction
- increasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean Plants”
e1“salt stress and H 2 S application increased the endogenous level of H 2 S, which was accompanied by an increase in nitric oxide concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen sulfide maintained sodium and potassium homeostasis in common bean in the presence of excess NaCl.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- H 2 Se1
- Outcome
- sodium (Na + ) and potassium (K + ) homeostasise1
- Direction
- maintainede1
- Qualifier
- excess NaCle1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean Plants”
e1“H 2 S, in particular, maintained sodium (Na + ) and potassium (K + ) homeostasis in the presence of excess NaCl”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen sulfide increased relative expression of Cu-ZnSOD in common bean.
- Taxon
- common bean plantsPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- H 2 Se1
- Gene
- Cu-ZnSODe1
- Outcome
- relative expression levelse1
- Direction
- increasinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“H 2 S effectively reduced oxidative stress in common bean plants by increasing relative expression levels of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase ( Cu-ZnSOD ), CAT , and glutathione S-transferase ( GST )”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen sulfide increased relative expression of CAT in common bean.
- Taxon
- common bean plantsPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- H 2 Se1
- Gene
- CATe1
- Outcome
- relative expression levelse1
- Direction
- increasinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“H 2 S effectively reduced oxidative stress in common bean plants by increasing relative expression levels of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase ( Cu-ZnSOD ), CAT , and glutathione S-transferase ( GST )”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen sulfide increased relative expression of glutathione S-transferase (GST) in common bean.
- Taxon
- common bean plantsPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- H 2 Se1
- Gene
- GSTe1
- Outcome
- relative expression levelse1
- Direction
- increasinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“H 2 S effectively reduced oxidative stress in common bean plants by increasing relative expression levels of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase ( Cu-ZnSOD ), CAT , and glutathione S-transferase ( GST )”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that applying H2S to common bean plants could protect them from salinity stress.
- Taxon
- common bean plantsPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Outcome
- protect them from salinity stresse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Applying H 2 S to common bean plants could protect them from salinity stress”
The same questions in other papers
hydrogen sulfide · nutrient: content · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
hydrogen sulfide · physiology: oxidative · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
hydrogen sulfide · molecular: metabolites · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
hydrogen sulfide · physiology: photosynthesis · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.