Abstract
Abstract Overseeding alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) into existing bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon L. (Pers.)] swards may reduce N fertilizer inputs and improve seasonal distribution of forage. However, achieving successful alfalfa stands in mixture with bermudagrass is difficult because of competition from the grass. This experiment's objective was to assess strategies for managing bermudagrass competition to alfalfa during establishment and subsequent stand life. During 2020 and 2021, a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial was replicated five times in a randomized complete block design. The treatment factors included the glyphosate rate [N‐(phosphonomethyl) glycine], the initial bermudagrass stubble height (SH), and N fertilizer rates. Before planting alfalfa in November 2019, bermudagrass swards were treated with glyphosate at 0 or 890 ml ha –1 and clipped to a SH of 5 or 15 cm. During harvest seasons, N fertilizer was applied at 0 or 40 kg N ha –1 harvest –1 . Glyphosate and SH had minimal effect on alfalfa establishment, forage accumulation (FA), and persistence. Application of N in 2020 increased mixture (34%) and bermudagrass (30%) FA over zero N, but alfalfa FA and proportion in mixture FA were not affected by N. In 2021, mixture FA was not affected by N, but alfalfa FA (5,030 vs. 2,380 kg ha –1 ) and proportion (63 vs. 25%) were greater for 0 than for the 40 kg N ha –1 rate. We conclude that N application increases first‐year alfalfa–bermudagrass mixture FA by increasing bermudagrass production, but it reduces second‐year alfalfa contribution, resulting in lesser alfalfa FA and mixture nutritive value and a shorter harvest season.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate had minimal effects on alfalfa establishment, forage accumulation and persistence.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativae0 - Treatment
- Glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- alfalfa establishment, forage accumulation (FA), and persistencee0
- Direction
- minimal effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate and SH had minimal effect on alfalfa establishment, forage accumulation (FA), and persistence.”
Claim · model-written summary
Initial stubble height had minimal effects on alfalfa establishment, forage accumulation and persistence.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- SHe0
- Outcome
- alfalfa establishment, forage accumulation (FA), and persistencee0
- Direction
- minimal effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate and SH had minimal effect on alfalfa establishment, forage accumulation (FA), and persistence.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen increased 2020 mixture forage accumulation by 34% over zero nitrogen.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Application of N in 2020e0
- Outcome
- mixture (34%)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 34%e0
- Comparator
- zero Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of N in 2020 increased mixture (34%) and bermudagrass (30%) FA over zero N”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen increased 2020 bermudagrass forage accumulation by 30% over zero nitrogen.
- Taxon
- bermudagrass
Cynodon dactylone0 - Treatment
- Application of N in 2020e0
- Outcome
- bermudagrass (30%) FAe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 30%e0
- Comparator
- zero Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of N in 2020 increased mixture (34%) and bermudagrass (30%) FA over zero N”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen did not affect 2020 alfalfa forage accumulation or its proportion in mixture forage.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- Ne0
- Outcome
- alfalfa FA and proportion in mixture FAe0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“alfalfa FA and proportion in mixture FA were not affected by N.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen did not affect 2021 mixture forage accumulation.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Ne0
- Outcome
- mixture FAe0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2021, mixture FA was not affected by N”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2021, alfalfa forage accumulation was higher at zero nitrogen than at 40 kg nitrogen per hectare per harvest, 5,030 versus 2,380 kg per hectare.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- 0e0
- Outcome
- alfalfa FAe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 5,030 vs. 2,380 kg ha –1e0
- Comparator
- 40 kg N ha –1 ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“alfalfa FA (5,030 vs. 2,380 kg ha –1 ) and proportion (63 vs. 25%) were greater for 0 than for the 40 kg N ha –1 rate.”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2021, alfalfa proportion was higher at zero nitrogen than at 40 kg nitrogen per hectare per harvest, 63% versus 25%.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- 0e0
- Outcome
- proportione0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 63 vs. 25%e0
- Comparator
- 40 kg N ha –1 ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“alfalfa FA (5,030 vs. 2,380 kg ha –1 ) and proportion (63 vs. 25%) were greater for 0 than for the 40 kg N ha –1 rate.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude nitrogen lowers second-year alfalfa contribution, nutritive value and harvest season length.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- N applicatione0
- Outcome
- alfalfa contributione0
- Direction
- reducese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We conclude that N application increases first‐year alfalfa–bermudagrass mixture FA by increasing bermudagrass production, but it reduces second‐year alfalfa contribution, resulting in lesser alfalfa FA and mixture nutritive value and a shorter harvest season.”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · organism · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results differ
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- positive
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See all 9 papers →nitrogen · molecular: metabolites · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Positive and negative results
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3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
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See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.