Abstract
The application of bio- and nanofertilizers are undoubtedly opening new sustainable approaches toward enhancing abiotic stress tolerance in crops. In this study, we evaluated the application of effective microorganisms (EMs) of five groups belonging to photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, actinobacteria, and fermenting fungi combined with magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles (MgO-NP) on the growth and productivity of sweet potato plants grown in salt-affected soils. In two field experiments carried out in 2020 and 2021, we tested the impacts of EMs using two treatments (with vs. without EMs as soil drench) coupled with three foliar applications of MgO-NP (0, 50, and 100 μg ml –1 of MgO, representing MgO-NP 0 , MgO-NP 50 , and MgO-NP 100 , respectively). In our efforts to investigate the EMs:MgO-NP effects, the performance (growth and yield), nutrient acquisition, and physio-biochemical attributes of sweet potatoes grown in salt-affected soil (7.56 dS m –1 ) were assessed. Our results revealed that salinity stress significantly reduced the growth parameters, yield traits, photosynthetic pigment content (chlorophylls a and b , and carotenoids), cell membrane stability, relative water content, and nutrient acquisition of sweet potatoes. However, the EMs + and/or MgO-NP-treated plants showed high tolerance to salt stress, specifically with a relatively superior increase when any of the biostimulants were combined. The application of EMs and/or MgO-NP improved osmotic stress tolerance by increasing the relative water content and membrane integrity. These positive responses owed to increase the osmolytes level (proline, free amino acids, and soluble sugars) and antioxidative compounds (non-enzymatic concentration, enzymatic activities, phenolic acid, and carotenoids). We also noticed that soil salinity significantly increased the Na + content, whereas EMS + and/or MgO-NP-treated plants exhibited lower Na + concentration and increased K + concentration and K + /Na + ratio. These improvements contributed to increasing the photosynthetic pigments, growth, and yield under salinity stress. The integrative application of EMs and MgO-NP showed higher efficacy bypassing all single treatments. Our findings indicated the potential of coapplying EMs and MgO-NP for future use in attenuating salt-induced damage beneficially promoting crop performance.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced sweet potato growth and yield traits.
- Taxon
- sweet potato
_Flower.jpg?width=60)
Ipomoea batatast0 - Treatment
- salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- growth parameters, yield traitse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Flower.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“salinity stress significantly reduced the growth parameters, yield traits”
t0“sweet potato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced photosynthetic pigments, membrane stability and relative water content.
- Taxon
- sweet potatoesIpomoea batatase0
- Treatment
- salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigment content (chlorophylls a and b , and carotenoids), cell membrane stability, relative water contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity stress significantly reduced the growth parameters, yield traits, photosynthetic pigment content (chlorophylls a and b , and carotenoids), cell membrane stability, relative water content, and nutrient acquisition of sweet potatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced nutrient acquisition.
- Taxon
- sweet potatoesIpomoea batatase0
- Treatment
- salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- nutrient acquisitione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity stress significantly reduced the growth parameters, yield traits, photosynthetic pigment content (chlorophylls a and b , and carotenoids), cell membrane stability, relative water content, and nutrient acquisition of sweet potatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
EMs and MgO nanoparticles increased relative water content and membrane integrity.
- Taxon
- sweet potatoIpomoea batatast0
- Treatment
- EMs and/or MgO-NPe0
- Outcome
- relative water content and membrane integritye0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of EMs and/or MgO-NP improved osmotic stress tolerance by increasing the relative water content and membrane integrity”
t0“sweet potato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Biostimulants increased osmolytes.
- Taxon
- sweet potatoIpomoea batatast0
- Outcome
- osmolytes level (proline, free amino acids, and soluble sugars)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increase the osmolytes level (proline, free amino acids, and soluble sugars)”
t0“sweet potato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Biostimulants increased antioxidative compounds.
- Taxon
- sweet potatoIpomoea batatast0
- Outcome
- antioxidative compounds (non-enzymatic concentration, enzymatic activities, phenolic acid, and carotenoids)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increase the osmolytes level (proline, free amino acids, and soluble sugars) and antioxidative compounds (non-enzymatic concentration, enzymatic activities, phenolic acid, and carotenoids)”
t0“sweet potato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased Na content.
- Taxon
- sweet potatoIpomoea batatast0
- Treatment
- soil salinitye0
- Outcome
- Na + contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil salinity significantly increased the Na + content”
t0“sweet potato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated plants had lower Na concentration.
- Taxon
- sweet potatoIpomoea batatast0
- Treatment
- EMS + and/or MgO-NPe0
- Outcome
- Na + concentratione0
- Direction
- lowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EMS + and/or MgO-NP-treated plants exhibited lower Na + concentration”
t0“sweet potato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated plants had increased K concentration and K/Na ratio.
- Taxon
- sweet potatoIpomoea batatast0
- Outcome
- K + concentration and K + /Na + ratioe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased K + concentration and K + /Na + ratio”
t0“sweet potato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined EMs and MgO nanoparticles had higher efficacy than single treatments.
- Taxon
- sweet potatoIpomoea batatast0
- Treatment
- EMs and MgO-NPe0
- Outcome
- efficacye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- all single treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The integrative application of EMs and MgO-NP showed higher efficacy bypassing all single treatments”
t0“sweet potato plants”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · physiology: water · Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
salinity · physiology: photosynthesis · Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
salinity · nutrient: content · Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
salinity · yield · Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.