Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the anti-mildew effects of paper treated with essential oils of leaves, twigs, and their main constituents from Cinnamomum micranthum. The main ingredients with the greater anti-mildew effects on paper capability were also purified and identified. Fresh leaves and twigs of C. micranthum were hydrodistillated in a Clevenger-type apparatus, and the resulting oil characterized using GC-FID and GC-MS instruments. The leaf essential oil consisted principally of n-decanal (50.1%), ( E)-β-ocimene (7.9%), ( E)-nerolidol (6.5%), and ( E)-β-caryophyllene (3.8%), and the twig oil's main components were τ-cadinol (18.3%), ( E)-β-ocimene (16.4%), α-cadinol (13.6%), n-decanal (10.6%), and β-selinene (5.8%). Comparing the mildew resistance of the oils on paper exhibited that twig oil was the best anti-mildew activity; at 200 μg/cm 2 , the twig oil completely inhibited the growth of Aspergillus clavatus, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Chaetonium globosum, Myrothecium verrucaria, and Penicillium citrinum. The twig oil was further divided into 8 fractions (TO1-TO8). TO4 fraction had moderate anti-mildew effects; at the concentration of 200 μg/cm 2 , all fungi strains were totally inhibited, except A niger, and Trichoderma viride, which were 83.5%, and 93.2% inhibited, respectively. The main ingredients of TO4 fraction were τ-cadinol, and α-cadinol, so we isolated and used the for anti-mildew effect tests; τ-cadinol, and α-cadinol showed moderate anti-mildew activities. Since C. micranthum twig essential oil, τ-cadinol, and α-cadinol were exhibited a great anti-mildew effects on paper, they are worth further investigations and utilization.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
The leaf essential oil of C. micranthum contains n-decanal at 50.1%.
- Taxon
- Cinnamomum micranthum
Camphora micranthat0 - Organ / stage
- leaf essential oile1
- Outcome
- n-decanale1
- Value
- 50.1%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The leaf essential oil consisted principally of n-decanal (50.1%), ( E)-β-ocimene (7.9%), ( E)-nerolidol (6.5%), and ( E)-β-caryophyllene (3.8%)”
t0“Cinnamomum micranthum”
Claim · model-written summary
The leaf essential oil of C. micranthum contains (E)-β-ocimene at 7.9%.
- Taxon
- Cinnamomum micranthumCamphora micranthat0
- Organ / stage
- leaf essential oile1
- Outcome
- ( E)-β-ocimenee1
- Value
- 7.9%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The leaf essential oil consisted principally of n-decanal (50.1%), ( E)-β-ocimene (7.9%), ( E)-nerolidol (6.5%), and ( E)-β-caryophyllene (3.8%)”
t0“Cinnamomum micranthum”
Claim · model-written summary
The leaf essential oil of C. micranthum contains (E)-nerolidol at 6.5%.
- Taxon
- Cinnamomum micranthumCamphora micranthat0
- Organ / stage
- leaf essential oile1
- Outcome
- ( E)-nerolidole1
- Value
- 6.5%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The leaf essential oil consisted principally of n-decanal (50.1%), ( E)-β-ocimene (7.9%), ( E)-nerolidol (6.5%), and ( E)-β-caryophyllene (3.8%)”
t0“Cinnamomum micranthum”
Claim · model-written summary
The leaf essential oil of C. micranthum contains (E)-β-caryophyllene at 3.8%.
- Taxon
- Cinnamomum micranthumCamphora micranthat0
- Organ / stage
- leaf essential oile1
- Outcome
- ( E)-β-caryophyllenee1
- Value
- 3.8%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The leaf essential oil consisted principally of n-decanal (50.1%), ( E)-β-ocimene (7.9%), ( E)-nerolidol (6.5%), and ( E)-β-caryophyllene (3.8%)”
t0“Cinnamomum micranthum”
Claim · model-written summary
The twig oil of C. micranthum has τ-cadinol at 18.3% as a main component.
- Taxon
- Cinnamomum micranthumCamphora micranthat0
- Organ / stage
- twig oile1
- Outcome
- τ-cadinole1
- Value
- 18.3%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the twig oil's main components were τ-cadinol (18.3%), ( E)-β-ocimene (16.4%), α-cadinol (13.6%), n-decanal (10.6%), and β-selinene (5.8%)”
t0“Cinnamomum micranthum”
Claim · model-written summary
The twig oil of C. micranthum has (E)-β-ocimene at 16.4% as a main component.
- Taxon
- Cinnamomum micranthumCamphora micranthat0
- Organ / stage
- twig oile1
- Outcome
- ( E)-β-ocimenee1
- Value
- 16.4%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the twig oil's main components were τ-cadinol (18.3%), ( E)-β-ocimene (16.4%), α-cadinol (13.6%), n-decanal (10.6%), and β-selinene (5.8%)”
t0“Cinnamomum micranthum”
Claim · model-written summary
The twig oil of C. micranthum has α-cadinol at 13.6% as a main component.
- Taxon
- Cinnamomum micranthumCamphora micranthat0
- Organ / stage
- twig oile1
- Outcome
- α-cadinole1
- Value
- 13.6%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the twig oil's main components were τ-cadinol (18.3%), ( E)-β-ocimene (16.4%), α-cadinol (13.6%), n-decanal (10.6%), and β-selinene (5.8%)”
t0“Cinnamomum micranthum”
Claim · model-written summary
The twig oil of C. micranthum has n-decanal at 10.6% as a main component.
- Taxon
- Cinnamomum micranthumCamphora micranthat0
- Organ / stage
- twig oile1
- Outcome
- n-decanale1
- Value
- 10.6%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the twig oil's main components were τ-cadinol (18.3%), ( E)-β-ocimene (16.4%), α-cadinol (13.6%), n-decanal (10.6%), and β-selinene (5.8%)”
t0“Cinnamomum micranthum”
Claim · model-written summary
The twig oil of C. micranthum has β-selinene at 5.8% as a main component.
- Taxon
- Cinnamomum micranthumCamphora micranthat0
- Organ / stage
- twig oile1
- Outcome
- β-selinenee1
- Value
- 5.8%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the twig oil's main components were τ-cadinol (18.3%), ( E)-β-ocimene (16.4%), α-cadinol (13.6%), n-decanal (10.6%), and β-selinene (5.8%)”
t0“Cinnamomum micranthum”
Claim · model-written summary
Twig oil had the best anti-mildew activity on paper among the C. micranthum oils.
- Taxon
- Cinnamomum micranthumCamphora micranthat0
- Treatment
- twig oile1
- Outcome
- anti-mildew activitye1
- Direction
- beste1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Comparing the mildew resistance of the oils on paper exhibited that twig oil was the best anti-mildew activity”
t0“Cinnamomum micranthum”
Claim · model-written summary
At 200 μg/cm 2 the twig oil completely inhibited five paper-mould fungi, including Aspergillus clavatus and Cladosporium cladosporioides.
- Taxon
- Cinnamomum micranthumCamphora micranthat0
- Treatment
- twig oile1
- Interactor
- Aspergillus clavatus
Aspergillus clavatuse1other - Second interactor
- Cladosporium cladosporioides
Cladosporium cladosporioidese1other - Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- completely inhibitede1
- Value
- 200 μg/cm 2e1
- Qualifier
- Chaetonium globosum, Myrothecium verrucaria, and Penicillium citrinume1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“at 200 μg/cm 2 , the twig oil completely inhibited the growth of Aspergillus clavatus, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Chaetonium globosum, Myrothecium verrucaria, and Penicillium citrinum”
t0“Cinnamomum micranthum”
Claim · model-written summary
The TO4 fraction of twig oil had moderate anti-mildew effects.
- Taxon
- Cinnamomum micranthumCamphora micranthat0
- Treatment
- TO4 fractione1
- Outcome
- moderate anti-mildew effectse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“TO4 fraction had moderate anti-mildew effects”
t0“Cinnamomum micranthum”
Claim · model-written summary
At 200 μg/cm 2 the TO4 fraction inhibited Aspergillus niger by 83.5%.
- Taxon
- Cinnamomum micranthumCamphora micranthat0
- Treatment
- TO4 fractione1
- Interactor
- A niger
Aspergillus nigere2other - Outcome
- inhibitede2
- Direction
- inhibitede2
- Value
- 83.5%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“TO4 fraction had moderate anti-mildew effects”
e2“at the concentration of 200 μg/cm 2 , all fungi strains were totally inhibited, except A niger, and Trichoderma viride, which were 83.5%, and 93.2% inhibited, respectively”
t0“Cinnamomum micranthum”
Claim · model-written summary
At 200 μg/cm 2 the TO4 fraction inhibited Trichoderma viride by 93.2%.
- Taxon
- Cinnamomum micranthumCamphora micranthat0
- Treatment
- TO4 fractione1
- Interactor
- Trichoderma viride
Trichoderma viridee2other - Outcome
- inhibitede2
- Direction
- inhibitede2
- Value
- 93.2%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“TO4 fraction had moderate anti-mildew effects”
e2“at the concentration of 200 μg/cm 2 , all fungi strains were totally inhibited, except A niger, and Trichoderma viride, which were 83.5%, and 93.2% inhibited, respectively”
t0“Cinnamomum micranthum”
Claim · model-written summary
τ-cadinol and α-cadinol showed moderate anti-mildew activities.
- Taxon
- Cinnamomum micranthumCamphora micranthat0
- Treatment
- τ-cadinole1
- Compound
- α-cadinole1
- Outcome
- moderate anti-mildew activitiese1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“τ-cadinol, and α-cadinol showed moderate anti-mildew activities”
t0“Cinnamomum micranthum”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend further investigation and use of C. micranthum twig oil, τ-cadinol and α-cadinol as anti-mildew agents for paper.
- Taxon
- C. micranthumCamphora micranthae1
- Outcome
- worth further investigations and utilizatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Since C. micranthum twig essential oil, τ-cadinol, and α-cadinol were exhibited a great anti-mildew effects on paper, they are worth further investigations and utilization”
t0“Cinnamomum micranthum”