Abstract
In this study, the role of the signalling molecule nitric oxide (NO) in magnetopriming-mediated induction of salinity tolerance in soybean seeds is established. The cross-talk of NO with germination-related hormones gibberellic acid (GA), abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin (IAA) for their ability to reduce the Na+/K+ ratio in the seeds germinating under salinity is highlighted. Salt tolerance index was significantly high for seedlings emerging from magnetoprimed seeds and sodium nitroprusside (SNP, NO-donor) treatment. The NO and superoxide (O2•−) levels were also increased in both of these treatments under non-saline and saline conditions. NO generation through nitrate reductase (NR) and nitric oxide synthase-like (NOS-like) pathways indicated the major contribution of NO from the NR-catalysed reaction. The relative expression of genes involved in the NO biosynthetic pathways reiterated the indulgence of NR in NO in magnetoprimed seeds, as a 3.86-fold increase in expression was observed over unprimed seeds under salinity. A 23.26-fold increase in relative expression of NR genes by the NO donor (SNP) was observed under salinity, while the NR inhibitor (sodium tungstate, ST) caused maximum reduction in expression of NR genes as compared to other inhibitors [L-NAME (N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester; inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase-like enzyme) and DPI (diphenylene iodonium; NADPH oxidase inhibitor)]. The ratio of ABA/GA and IAA/GA decreased in magnetoprimed and NO donor-treated seeds, suggesting homeostasis amongst hormones during germination under salinity. The magnetoprimed seeds showed low Na+/K+ ratio in all treatments irrespective of NO inhibitors. Altogether, our results indicate that a balance of ABA, GA and IAA is maintained by the signalling molecule NO in magnetoprimed seeds which lowers the Na+/K+ ratio to offset the adverse effects of salinity in soybean seeds.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Salt tolerance index was significantly high for soybean seedlings emerging from magnetoprimed seeds.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- magnetoprimed seedse0
- Outcome
- Salt tolerance indexe0
- Direction
- highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Germination of Soybean Seeds under Salt Stress”
e0“Salt tolerance index was significantly high for seedlings emerging from magnetoprimed seeds and sodium nitroprusside (SNP, NO-donor) treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt tolerance index was significantly high for soybean seedlings from sodium nitroprusside (NO donor) treatment.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- sodium nitroprusside (SNP, NO-donor) treatmente0
- Outcome
- Salt tolerance indexe0
- Direction
- highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Germination of Soybean Seeds under Salt Stress”
e0“Salt tolerance index was significantly high for seedlings emerging from magnetoprimed seeds and sodium nitroprusside (SNP, NO-donor) treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
NO and superoxide levels increased in both magnetoprimed and SNP-treated soybean seeds under non-saline and saline conditions.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- both of these treatmentse0
- Outcome
- NO and superoxide (O2•−) levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under non-saline and saline conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Germination of Soybean Seeds under Salt Stress”
e0“The NO and superoxide (O2•−) levels were also increased in both of these treatments under non-saline and saline conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
NO generation through nitrate reductase and NOS-like pathways indicated that NR-catalysed reaction contributes most of the NO.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Gene
- nitrate reductase (NR)e0
- Outcome
- NO generatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Germination of Soybean Seeds under Salt Stress”
e0“NO generation through nitrate reductase (NR) and nitric oxide synthase-like (NOS-like) pathways indicated the major contribution of NO from the NR-catalysed reaction”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of NO biosynthetic pathway genes rose 3.86-fold in magnetoprimed seeds over unprimed seeds under salinity.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- magnetoprimed seedse0
- Gene
- genes involved in the NO biosynthetic pathwayse0
- Outcome
- relative expression of genes involved in the NO biosynthetic pathwayse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 3.86-folde0
- Qualifier
- under salinitye0
- Comparator
- unprimed seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Germination of Soybean Seeds under Salt Stress”
e0“The relative expression of genes involved in the NO biosynthetic pathways reiterated the indulgence of NR in NO in magnetoprimed seeds, as a 3.86-fold increase in expression was observed over unprimed seeds under salinity”
Claim · model-written summary
The NO donor SNP increased relative expression of NR genes 23.26-fold under salinity.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- NO donor (SNP)e0
- Gene
- NR genese0
- Outcome
- relative expression of NR genese0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 23.26-folde0
- Qualifier
- under salinitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Germination of Soybean Seeds under Salt Stress”
e0“A 23.26-fold increase in relative expression of NR genes by the NO donor (SNP) was observed under salinity”
Claim · model-written summary
The NR inhibitor sodium tungstate caused the largest reduction in NR gene expression compared with the other inhibitors.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- NR inhibitor (sodium tungstate, ST)e0
- Gene
- NR genese0
- Outcome
- expression of NR genese0
- Direction
- maximum reductione0
- Comparator
- other inhibitorse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Germination of Soybean Seeds under Salt Stress”
e0“the NR inhibitor (sodium tungstate, ST) caused maximum reduction in expression of NR genes as compared to other inhibitors”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA/GA and IAA/GA ratios decreased in magnetoprimed soybean seeds.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- magnetoprimede0
- Outcome
- ratio of ABA/GA and IAA/GAe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Germination of Soybean Seeds under Salt Stress”
e0“The ratio of ABA/GA and IAA/GA decreased in magnetoprimed and NO donor-treated seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA/GA and IAA/GA ratios decreased in NO donor-treated soybean seeds.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- NO donor-treated seedse0
- Outcome
- ratio of ABA/GA and IAA/GAe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Germination of Soybean Seeds under Salt Stress”
e0“The ratio of ABA/GA and IAA/GA decreased in magnetoprimed and NO donor-treated seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnetoprimed seeds showed a low Na+/K+ ratio in all treatments irrespective of NO inhibitors.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- magnetoprimed seedse0
- Outcome
- Na+/K+ ratioe0
- Direction
- lowe0
- Qualifier
- irrespective of NO inhibitorse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Germination of Soybean Seeds under Salt Stress”
e0“The magnetoprimed seeds showed low Na+/K+ ratio in all treatments irrespective of NO inhibitors”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that NO maintains a balance of ABA, GA and IAA in magnetoprimed seeds, which lowers the Na+/K+ ratio.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- magnetoprimed seedse0
- Compound
- NOe0
- Outcome
- Na+/K+ ratioe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Germination of Soybean Seeds under Salt Stress”
e0“a balance of ABA, GA and IAA is maintained by the signalling molecule NO in magnetoprimed seeds which lowers the Na+/K+ ratio”
The same questions in other papers
sodium nitroprusside · physiology: enzyme activity · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
nitric oxide donor · tolerance: abiotic · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.