Abstract
High salinity levels of irrigated water and the accumulation of salt over time in the soil is a major concern worldwide, including in Jordan. The objective of this two-year study was to assess the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation on the physiology, yield, and flower quality of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii cvs. Beaudine and Palm Beach) under different salinity levels (0.0, 20.0 and 40.0 mM-NaCl). The study was arranged in a randomized complete block design with five replicates. During the experimental period (2018–2019), chlorophyll content index (SPAD), leaf gas exchange (photosynthesis, Pn; stomatal conductance, gs; transpiration, E), flower yield, flower quality (pedicel length and diameter, number of days to flowering, flower diameter, and vase life), root sporulation, and colonization were measured. Irrigation with saline water (20 and 40 mM-NaCl) significantly increased salt accumulation in soil. The mean soil electrical conductivity (EC) after two growing seasons for the 20 mM-NaCl treatment was 2.9 dS m−1 and 4.4 dS m−1 for the 40 mM. High salinity level (40 mM-NaCl) reduced root AMF sporulation by 53–62% and colonization by 12–25% across cultivars. Interestingly, root colonization was higher than 50% across salinity level and in both cultivars. Saline water at 40 mM-NaCl significantly reduced SPAD, Pn, gs, E, flower yield, and quality component, especially vase life. Interestingly, leaf chlorophyll content index from AMF-inoculated plants was significantly higher than uninoculated ones across cultivars at the second growing season. In addition, inoculation with AMF significantly increased yield in both ‘Beaudine’ (34–40%) and ‘Palm Beach’ (42–44%) cultivars and across the study period, 2018 to 2019. In addition, AMF increased vase life in ‘Beaudine’ by 19% to 28% and in ‘Palm Beach’ by 21% to 22%. Overall, our results revealed that gerbera growers can increase their flower yield and postharvest flower quality component (vase life) under saline conditions (soil EC < 4.4 dS m−1) by inoculating the seedlings with AMF.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Saline irrigation increased soil salt accumulation.
GerberaNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation with saline water (20 and 40 mM-NaCl) significantly increased salt accumulation in soil”
t0“Gerbera”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil EC after two seasons was 2.9 dS m−1 with 20 mM-NaCl.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mean soil electrical conductivity (EC) after two growing seasons for the 20 mM-NaCl treatment was 2.9 dS m−1”
t0“Gerbera”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil EC after two seasons was 4.4 dS m−1 with 40 mM-NaCl.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“4.4 dS m−1 for the 40 mM”
e1“The mean soil electrical conductivity (EC) after two growing seasons for the 20 mM-NaCl treatment was 2.9 dS m−1”
t0“Gerbera”
Claim · model-written summary
High salinity reduced AMF root sporulation by 53–62%.
- Treatment
- 40 mM-NaCle0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- root AMF sporulatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 53–62%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High salinity level (40 mM-NaCl) reduced root AMF sporulation by 53–62% and colonization by 12–25% across cultivars”
t0“Gerbera”
Claim · model-written summary
High salinity reduced AMF root colonization by 12–25%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High salinity level (40 mM-NaCl) reduced root AMF sporulation by 53–62% and colonization by 12–25% across cultivars”
t0“Gerbera”
Claim · model-written summary
Root colonization exceeded 50% across salinity levels and both cultivars.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root colonization was higher than 50% across salinity level and in both cultivars”
t0“Gerbera”
Claim · model-written summary
40 mM-NaCl reduced SPAD, Pn, gs, and E.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Saline water at 40 mM-NaCl significantly reduced SPAD, Pn, gs, E, flower yield, and quality component, especially vase life”
t0“Gerbera”
Claim · model-written summary
40 mM-NaCl reduced flower yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Saline water at 40 mM-NaCl significantly reduced SPAD, Pn, gs, E, flower yield, and quality component, especially vase life”
t0“Gerbera”
Claim · model-written summary
40 mM-NaCl reduced flower quality, particularly vase life.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Saline water at 40 mM-NaCl significantly reduced SPAD, Pn, gs, E, flower yield, and quality component, especially vase life”
t0“Gerbera”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation increased leaf chlorophyll index in the second season.
- Treatment
- AMF-inoculatede0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- leaf chlorophyll content indexe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- uninoculated onese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf chlorophyll content index from AMF-inoculated plants was significantly higher than uninoculated ones across cultivars at the second growing season”
t0“Gerbera”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation raised Beaudine yield by 34–40%.
- Material
- Beaudinee0
- Treatment
- inoculation with AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 34–40%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation with AMF significantly increased yield in both ‘Beaudine’ (34–40%) and ‘Palm Beach’ (42–44%) cultivars”
t0“Gerbera”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation raised Palm Beach yield by 42–44%.
- Material
- Palm Beache0
- Treatment
- inoculation with AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 42–44%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation with AMF significantly increased yield in both ‘Beaudine’ (34–40%) and ‘Palm Beach’ (42–44%) cultivars”
t0“Gerbera”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF increased Beaudine vase life by 19% to 28%.
- Material
- Beaudinee0
- Treatment
- AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- vase lifee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 19% to 28%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF increased vase life in ‘Beaudine’ by 19% to 28%”
t0“Gerbera”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF increased Palm Beach vase life by 21% to 22%.
- Material
- Palm Beache0
- Treatment
- AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- vase lifee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 21% to 22%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF increased vase life in ‘Beaudine’ by 19% to 28% and in ‘Palm Beach’ by 21% to 22%”
t0“Gerbera”
Claim · model-written summary
Growers can inoculate gerbera seedlings with AMF under saline conditions to increase flower yield and vase life.
- Treatment
- inoculating the seedlings with AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- increase their flower yield and postharvest flower quality component (vase life)e0
- Qualifier
- soil EC < 4.4 dS m−1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gerbera growers can increase their flower yield and postharvest flower quality component (vase life) under saline conditions (soil EC < 4.4 dS m−1) by inoculating the seedlings with AMF”
The same questions in other papers
sodium chloride · quality: postharvest · GerberaResults differ
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
inoculation · yield · GerberaResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.