Abstract
Abstract Background Heavy metals repress tobacco growth and quality, and engineered nanomaterials have been used for sustainable agriculture. However, the underlying mechanism of nanoparticle-mediated cadmium (Cd) toxicity in tobacco remains elusive. Results Herein, we investigated the effects of Fe 3 O 4 and ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) on Cd stress in tobacco cultivar ‘Yunyan 87’ ( Nicotiana tabacum ). Cd severely repressed tobacco growth, whereas foliar spraying with Fe 3 O 4 and ZnO NPs promoted plant growth, as indicated by enhancing plant height, root length, shoot and root fresh weight under Cd toxicity. Moreover, Fe 3 O 4 and ZnO NPs increased, including Zn, K and Mn contents, in the roots and/or leaves and facilitated seedling growth under Cd stress. Metabolomics analysis showed that 150 and 76 metabolites were differentially accumulated in roots and leaves under Cd stress, respectively. These metabolites were significantly enriched in the biosynthesis of amino acids, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, and flavone and flavonol biosynthesis. Interestingly, Fe 3 O 4 and ZnO NPs restored 50% and 47% in the roots, while they restored 70% and 63% in the leaves to normal levels, thereby facilitating plant growth. Correlation analysis further indicated that these metabolites, including proline, 6-hydroxynicotinic acid, farrerol and quercetin-3- O -sophoroside, were significantly correlated with plant growth. Conclusions These results collectively indicate that metal nanoparticles can serve as plant growth regulators and provide insights into using them for improving crops in heavy metal-contaminated areas. Graphical Abstract
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Cd severely repressed tobacco growth.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacumt0 - Treatment
- Cde1
- Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- repressede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Cd severely repressed tobacco growth”
t0“alleviate Cd toxicity in tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Fe3O4 and ZnO nanoparticles enhanced tobacco plant height and root length under Cd toxicity.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- foliar spraying with Fe 3 O 4 and ZnO NPse3
- Outcome
- plant height, root lengthe3
- Direction
- enhancinge3
- Qualifier
- under Cd toxicitye3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“alleviate Cd toxicity in tobacco”
e3“foliar spraying with Fe 3 O 4 and ZnO NPs promoted plant growth, as indicated by enhancing plant height, root length, shoot and root fresh weight under Cd toxicity”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Fe3O4 and ZnO nanoparticles enhanced tobacco shoot and root fresh weight under Cd toxicity.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- foliar spraying with Fe 3 O 4 and ZnO NPse3
- Outcome
- shoot and root fresh weighte3
- Direction
- enhancinge3
- Qualifier
- under Cd toxicitye3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“alleviate Cd toxicity in tobacco”
e3“foliar spraying with Fe 3 O 4 and ZnO NPs promoted plant growth, as indicated by enhancing plant height, root length, shoot and root fresh weight under Cd toxicity”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe3O4 and ZnO nanoparticles increased Zn, K and Mn contents in tobacco roots and/or leaves under Cd stress.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Organ / stage
- roots and/or leavese4
- Treatment
- Fe 3 O 4 and ZnO NPse4
- Outcome
- Zn, K and Mn contentse4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Qualifier
- under Cd stresse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“alleviate Cd toxicity in tobacco”
e4“Fe 3 O 4 and ZnO NPs increased, including Zn, K and Mn contents, in the roots and/or leaves and facilitated seedling growth under Cd stress”
Claim · model-written summary
In tobacco roots under Cd stress, 150 metabolites were differentially accumulated.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse5
- Treatment
- Cd stresse5
- Outcome
- metabolitese5
- Value
- 150e5
- Qualifier
- differentially accumulatede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“alleviate Cd toxicity in tobacco”
e5“150 and 76 metabolites were differentially accumulated in roots and leaves under Cd stress, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In tobacco leaves under Cd stress, 76 metabolites were differentially accumulated.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese5
- Treatment
- Cd stresse5
- Outcome
- metabolitese5
- Value
- 76e5
- Qualifier
- differentially accumulatede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“alleviate Cd toxicity in tobacco”
e5“150 and 76 metabolites were differentially accumulated in roots and leaves under Cd stress, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Metabolites differing under Cd in tobacco were significantly enriched in amino acid biosynthesis, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, and arginine and proline metabolism.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Outcome
- biosynthesis of amino acids, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, arginine and proline metabolisme6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“alleviate Cd toxicity in tobacco”
e6“These metabolites were significantly enriched in the biosynthesis of amino acids, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, and flavone and flavonol biosynthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
Metabolites differing under Cd in tobacco were significantly enriched in flavone and flavonol biosynthesis.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Outcome
- flavone and flavonol biosynthesise6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“alleviate Cd toxicity in tobacco”
e6“These metabolites were significantly enriched in the biosynthesis of amino acids, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, and flavone and flavonol biosynthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe3O4 nanoparticles restored 50% of the Cd-altered levels in tobacco roots to normal levels.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse7
- Treatment
- Fe 3 O 4e7
- Outcome
- levelse7
- Direction
- restorede7
- Value
- 50%e7
- Comparator
- normal levelse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“alleviate Cd toxicity in tobacco”
e7“Interestingly, Fe 3 O 4 and ZnO NPs restored 50% and 47% in the roots, while they restored 70% and 63% in the leaves to normal levels, thereby facilitating plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanoparticles restored 47% of the Cd-altered levels in tobacco roots to normal levels.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse7
- Treatment
- ZnO NPse7
- Outcome
- levelse7
- Direction
- restorede7
- Value
- 47%e7
- Comparator
- normal levelse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“alleviate Cd toxicity in tobacco”
e7“Interestingly, Fe 3 O 4 and ZnO NPs restored 50% and 47% in the roots, while they restored 70% and 63% in the leaves to normal levels, thereby facilitating plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe3O4 nanoparticles restored 70% of the Cd-altered levels in tobacco leaves to normal levels.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese7
- Treatment
- Fe 3 O 4e7
- Outcome
- levelse7
- Direction
- restorede7
- Value
- 70%e7
- Comparator
- normal levelse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“alleviate Cd toxicity in tobacco”
e7“Interestingly, Fe 3 O 4 and ZnO NPs restored 50% and 47% in the roots, while they restored 70% and 63% in the leaves to normal levels, thereby facilitating plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanoparticles restored 63% of the Cd-altered levels in tobacco leaves to normal levels.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese7
- Treatment
- ZnO NPse7
- Outcome
- levelse7
- Direction
- restorede7
- Value
- 63%e7
- Comparator
- normal levelse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“alleviate Cd toxicity in tobacco”
e7“Interestingly, Fe 3 O 4 and ZnO NPs restored 50% and 47% in the roots, while they restored 70% and 63% in the leaves to normal levels, thereby facilitating plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline, 6-hydroxynicotinic acid and farrerol were significantly correlated with tobacco plant growth.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Compound
- proline, 6-hydroxynicotinic acid, farrerole2
- Outcome
- plant growthe2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“alleviate Cd toxicity in tobacco”
e2“Correlation analysis further indicated that these metabolites, including proline, 6-hydroxynicotinic acid, farrerol and quercetin-3- O -sophoroside, were significantly correlated with plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Quercetin-3-O-sophoroside was significantly correlated with tobacco plant growth.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Compound
- quercetin-3- O -sophorosidee2
- Outcome
- plant growthe2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“alleviate Cd toxicity in tobacco”
e2“Correlation analysis further indicated that these metabolites, including proline, 6-hydroxynicotinic acid, farrerol and quercetin-3- O -sophoroside, were significantly correlated with plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend using metal nanoparticles as plant growth regulators for improving crops in heavy metal-contaminated areas.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Outcome
- improving crops in heavy metal-contaminated arease0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“alleviate Cd toxicity in tobacco”
e0“These results collectively indicate that metal nanoparticles can serve as plant growth regulators and provide insights into using them for improving crops in heavy metal-contaminated areas”
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