Abstract
Chilling temperature stress is the largest factor affecting tomato performance. Under these conditions, tomato cultivations require protection from cold and frost waves. A field study was conducted to investigate the effect of three wheat sowing dates (November 1st; November 15th and December 1st), and three wheat seeding rates of 25, 37.5, and 50 % of the normal seeding rate (142.8 kg seeds/ha) on the following aspects: yield and yield components of both crops, land equivalent ratio (LER), area time equivalent ratio (ATER), and economic return. The results revealed that intercropping wheat with tomato in mid-November, coupled with a 50 % seeding rate, produced the highest values of fruit setting (%), yield components, and total fruit yield/ha of tomato during both seasons. The climatic conditions prevailing on November 15th favored the increase of grain, straw yield/ha, and yield components compared to the other sowing dates. The density of the wheat seeding rate at 50 % produced the highest grain and straw yield/ha. In addition, intercropping wheat with tomato at a 50 % seeding rate on November 15th led to the highest values of LER (1.77 and 1.80) and ATER (1.35 and 1.36) and increased the net return by 106.6 and 112.0 % compared to the sole tomato cultivation in 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively. These results indicate that intercropping wheat with tomato on November 15th at a 50 % seeding rate can better protect tomato plants from chilling and frost waves.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Mid-November wheat intercropping at 50% seeding gave the highest tomato fruit setting, yield components and total fruit yield.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- intercropping wheat with tomato in mid-November, coupled with a 50 % seeding ratee0
- Outcome
- fruit setting (%), yield components, and total fruit yield/ha of tomatoe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- during both seasonse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat intercropping systems with tomato”
e0“intercropping wheat with tomato in mid-November, coupled with a 50 % seeding rate, produced the highest values of fruit setting (%), yield components, and total fruit yield/ha of tomato during both seasons.”
Claim · model-written summary
November 15th wheat sowing increased wheat grain and straw yield and yield components over other dates.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- November 15the0
- Outcome
- grain, straw yield/ha, and yield componentse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- other sowing datese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The climatic conditions prevailing on November 15th favored the increase of grain, straw yield/ha, and yield components compared to the other sowing dates.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
A 50% wheat seeding rate gave the highest grain and straw yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- wheat seeding rate at 50 %e0
- Outcome
- grain and straw yield/hae0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The density of the wheat seeding rate at 50 % produced the highest grain and straw yield/ha.”
Claim · model-written summary
The November 15th, 50% intercrop had LER values of 1.77 and 1.80.
Verbatim
e0“intercropping wheat with tomato at a 50 % seeding rate on November 15th led to the highest values of LER (1.77 and 1.80) and ATER (1.35 and 1.36)”
Claim · model-written summary
The November 15th, 50% intercrop had ATER values of 1.35 and 1.36.
Verbatim
e0“intercropping wheat with tomato at a 50 % seeding rate on November 15th led to the highest values of LER (1.77 and 1.80) and ATER (1.35 and 1.36)”
Claim · model-written summary
The November 15th, 50% intercrop increased net returns by 106.6 and 112.0% over sole tomato in seasons one and two.
Verbatim
e0“intercropping wheat with tomato at a 50 % seeding rate on November 15th”
e1“increased the net return by 106.6 and 112.0 % compared to the sole tomato cultivation in 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that November 15th, 50% wheat intercropping can better protect tomato from chilling and frost.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- intercropping wheat with tomato on November 15th at a 50 % seeding ratee0
- Outcome
- better protect tomato plants from chilling and frost wavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intercropping wheat with tomato on November 15th at a 50 % seeding rate can better protect tomato plants from chilling and frost waves.”
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