Abstract
Xinjiang is the largest arid and saline agricultural region in China. The common irrigation methods in this area are traditional flood irrigation and drip irrigation. In this study, we investigated the effects of these two irrigation methods on the fungal diversity, community structures, and functions in alfalfa rhizosphere soil as well as the associated environmental factors in northern Tianshan Mountain (Xinjiang, China). Soil enzyme activities (urease and neutral phosphatase) were significantly higher in the drip-irrigated alfalfa rhizosphere soil than in the flood-irrigated alfalfa rhizosphere soil, whereas the fungal alpha diversity in the drip-irrigated alfalfa rhizosphere soil was significantly lower than that in the flood-irrigated alfalfa rhizosphere soil. Six dominant fungal phyla were identified (>0.1%), with Ascomycota being the most abundant in all soils, followed by Basidiomycota (5.47%), Mortierellomycota (1.07%), Glomeromycota (0.55%), Rozellomycota (0.27%), and Chytridiomycota (0.14%). Ascomycota and Glomeromycota species were significantly less abundant in drip-irrigated alfalfa rhizosphere soil than in flood-irrigated alfalfa rhizosphere soil. A LEFSe analysis identified Cladosporiaceae (20.8%) species as the most abundant marker fungi in drip-irrigated alfalfa rhizosphere soil. Of the 13 fungal functional groups identified on the basis of the functional annotation using the FUNGuild database, Ectomycorrhizal (22.29%) was the primary functional group. Compared with flood irrigation, drip irrigation significantly decreased the relative abundance of Ectomycorrhizal and Arbuscular_Mycorrhizal, while increasing the relative abundance of Plant_Pathogen, although not significantly (P = 0.19). Available potassium was revealed to be the main environmental factor influencing soil enzyme activities, fungal alpha diversity, fungal community structures, and fungal functions in response to the different irrigation methods. In conclusion, drip irrigation may be more appropriate than flood irrigation in the Tianshan dryland agricultural area for enhancing soil enzyme activities, but it may also increase the abundance of plant pathogenic fungi in the soil.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Drip irrigation increased rhizosphere soil urease and neutral phosphatase activities relative to flood irrigation.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativae0 - Treatment
- drip-irrigatede0
- Outcome
- Soil enzyme activities (urease and neutral phosphatase)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- flood-irrigatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil enzyme activities (urease and neutral phosphatase) were significantly higher in the drip-irrigated alfalfa rhizosphere soil than in the flood-irrigated alfalfa rhizosphere soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Drip irrigation lowered fungal alpha diversity relative to flood irrigation.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- drip-irrigatede0
- Outcome
- fungal alpha diversitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- flood-irrigatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the fungal alpha diversity in the drip-irrigated alfalfa rhizosphere soil was significantly lower than that in the flood-irrigated alfalfa rhizosphere soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Six dominant fungal phyla were identified in alfalfa rhizosphere soil.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Six dominant fungal phyla were identified (>0.1%), with Ascomycota being the most abundant in all soils, followed by Basidiomycota (5.47%), Mortierellomycota (1.07%), Glomeromycota (0.55%), Rozellomycota (0.27%), and Chytridiomycota (0.14%).”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascomycota was the most abundant fungal phylum.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“with Ascomycota being the most abundant in all soils”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Basidiomycota represented 5.47% of fungi.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Basidiomycota (5.47%)”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Mortierellomycota represented 1.07% of fungi.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Mortierellomycota (1.07%)”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Glomeromycota represented 0.55% of fungi.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Glomeromycota (0.55%)”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Rozellomycota represented 0.27% of fungi.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Rozellomycota (0.27%)”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Chytridiomycota represented 0.14% of fungi.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Chytridiomycota (0.14%)”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Drip irrigation significantly lowered Ascomycota abundance.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- drip-irrigatede0
- Outcome
- Ascomycotae0
- Direction
- less abundante0
- Comparator
- flood-irrigatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ascomycota and Glomeromycota species were significantly less abundant in drip-irrigated alfalfa rhizosphere soil than in flood-irrigated alfalfa rhizosphere soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Drip irrigation significantly lowered Glomeromycota abundance.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- drip-irrigatede0
- Outcome
- Glomeromycotae0
- Direction
- less abundante0
- Comparator
- flood-irrigatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ascomycota and Glomeromycota species were significantly less abundant in drip-irrigated alfalfa rhizosphere soil than in flood-irrigated alfalfa rhizosphere soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cladosporiaceae was the most abundant marker fungus under drip irrigation, at 20.8%.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- drip-irrigatede0
- Outcome
- Cladosporiaceaee0
- Direction
- most abundante0
- Value
- 20.8%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cladosporiaceae (20.8%) species as the most abundant marker fungi in drip-irrigated alfalfa rhizosphere soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Ectomycorrhizal fungi were the primary functional group, at 22.29%.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Ectomycorrhizal (22.29%) was the primary functional group”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Drip irrigation significantly decreased Ectomycorrhizal relative abundance.
- Treatment
- drip irrigatione0
- Outcome
- relative abundance of Ectomycorrhizale0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- flood irrigatione0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Compared with flood irrigation, drip irrigation significantly decreased the relative abundance of Ectomycorrhizal and Arbuscular_Mycorrhizal”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Drip irrigation significantly decreased Arbuscular_Mycorrhizal relative abundance.
- Treatment
- drip irrigatione0
- Outcome
- relative abundance of Ectomycorrhizal and Arbuscular_Mycorrhizale0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- flood irrigatione0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Compared with flood irrigation, drip irrigation significantly decreased the relative abundance of Ectomycorrhizal and Arbuscular_Mycorrhizal”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Drip irrigation nonsignificantly increased Plant_Pathogen abundance.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“increasing the relative abundance of Plant_Pathogen, although not significantly (P = 0.19)”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Available potassium was the main environmental factor associated with soil enzymes and fungal community responses to irrigation.
- Compound
- Available potassiume0
- Outcome
- soil enzyme activities, fungal alpha diversity, fungal community structures, and fungal functionse0
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“Available potassium was revealed to be the main environmental factor influencing soil enzyme activities, fungal alpha diversity, fungal community structures, and fungal functions in response to the different irrigation methods.”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors judged drip irrigation more appropriate for enhancing soil enzymes, while potentially increasing pathogenic fungi.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“drip irrigation may be more appropriate than flood irrigation in the Tianshan dryland agricultural area for enhancing soil enzyme activities, but it may also increase the abundance of plant pathogenic fungi in the soil.”
t0“alfalfa”
The same questions in other papers
irrigation · soil: biology · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.