Abstract
The molecular mode controlling cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV)-induced watermelon blood flesh disease (WBFD) is largely unknown. In this study, we have found that application of exogenous boron suppressed CGMMV infection in watermelon fruit and alleviated WBFD symptoms. Our transcriptome analysis showed that the most up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were associated with polyamine and auxin biosynthesis, abscisic acid catabolism, defence-related pathways, cell wall modification, and energy and secondary metabolism, while the down-regulated DEGs were mostly involved in ethylene biosynthesis, cell wall catabolism, and plasma membrane functions. Our virus-induced gene silencing results showed that silencing of SPDS expression in watermelon resulted in a higher putrescine content and an inhibited CGMMV infection correlating with no WBFD symptoms. SBT and TUBB1 were also required for CGMMV infection. In contrast, silencing of XTH23 and PE/PEI7 (low-level lignin, cellulose and pectin) and ATPS1 (low-level glutathione) promoted CGMMV accumulation. Furthermore, RAP2-3, MYB6, WRKY12, H2A, and DnaJ11 are likely to participate in host antiviral resistance. In addition, a higher (spermidine + spermine):putrescine ratio, malondialdehyde content, and lactic acid content were responsible for fruit decay and acidification. Our results provide new knowledge on the roles of boron in watermelon resistance to CGMMV-induced WBFD. This new knowledge can be used to design better control methods for CGMMV in the field and to breed CGMMV resistant watermelon and other cucurbit crops.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous boron application suppressed CGMMV infection in watermelon fruit.
- Taxon
- watermelon
Citrullus lanatuse1 - Organ / stage
- fruite1
- Treatment
- exogenous borone1
- Interactor
- CGMMVCucumber green mottle mosaic viruse1pathogen
- Outcome
- CGMMV infectione1
- Direction
- suppressede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“application of exogenous boron suppressed CGMMV infection in watermelon fruit and alleviated WBFD symptoms”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous boron application alleviated WBFD symptoms in watermelon.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse1
- Treatment
- exogenous borone1
- Interactor
- CGMMVCucumber green mottle mosaic viruse1pathogen
- Outcome
- WBFD symptomse1
- Direction
- alleviatede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“application of exogenous boron suppressed CGMMV infection in watermelon fruit and alleviated WBFD symptoms”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing of SPDS in watermelon resulted in a higher putrescine content.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse2
- Treatment
- silencing of SPDS expressione2
- Gene
- SPDSe2
- Compound
- putrescinee2
- Outcome
- putrescine contente2
- Direction
- highere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“silencing of SPDS expression in watermelon resulted in a higher putrescine content and an inhibited CGMMV infection correlating with no WBFD symptoms”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing of SPDS in watermelon inhibited CGMMV infection.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse2
- Treatment
- silencing of SPDS expressione2
- Interactor
- CGMMVCucumber green mottle mosaic viruse2pathogen
- Gene
- SPDSe2
- Outcome
- CGMMV infectione2
- Direction
- inhibitede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“silencing of SPDS expression in watermelon resulted in a higher putrescine content and an inhibited CGMMV infection correlating with no WBFD symptoms”
Claim · model-written summary
SPDS silencing in watermelon correlated with no WBFD symptoms.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse2
- Treatment
- silencing of SPDS expressione2
- Outcome
- WBFD symptomse2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“silencing of SPDS expression in watermelon resulted in a higher putrescine content and an inhibited CGMMV infection correlating with no WBFD symptoms”
Claim · model-written summary
SBT and TUBB1 were required for CGMMV infection of watermelon.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Interactor
- CGMMVCucumber green mottle mosaic viruse3pathogen
- Gene
- SBT and TUBB1e3
- Outcome
- CGMMV infectione3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The molecular mode controlling cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV)-induced watermelon blood flesh disease (WBFD) is largely unknown”
e3“SBT and TUBB1 were also required for CGMMV infection”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing of XTH23 and PE/PEI7 in watermelon promoted CGMMV accumulation.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- silencinge4
- Interactor
- CGMMVCucumber green mottle mosaic viruse4pathogen
- Gene
- XTH23 and PE/PEI7e4
- Outcome
- CGMMV accumulatione4
- Direction
- promotede4
- Qualifier
- low-level lignin, cellulose and pectine4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The molecular mode controlling cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV)-induced watermelon blood flesh disease (WBFD) is largely unknown”
e4“silencing of XTH23 and PE/PEI7 (low-level lignin, cellulose and pectin) and ATPS1 (low-level glutathione) promoted CGMMV accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing of ATPS1 in watermelon promoted CGMMV accumulation.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- silencinge4
- Interactor
- CGMMVCucumber green mottle mosaic viruse4pathogen
- Gene
- ATPS1e4
- Outcome
- CGMMV accumulatione4
- Direction
- promotede4
- Qualifier
- low-level glutathionee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The molecular mode controlling cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV)-induced watermelon blood flesh disease (WBFD) is largely unknown”
e4“silencing of XTH23 and PE/PEI7 (low-level lignin, cellulose and pectin) and ATPS1 (low-level glutathione) promoted CGMMV accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
RAP2-3, MYB6 and WRKY12 are likely to participate in watermelon host antiviral resistance.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Gene
- RAP2-3, MYB6, WRKY12e5
- Outcome
- host antiviral resistancee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The molecular mode controlling cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV)-induced watermelon blood flesh disease (WBFD) is largely unknown”
e5“RAP2-3, MYB6, WRKY12, H2A, and DnaJ11 are likely to participate in host antiviral resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
H2A and DnaJ11 are likely to participate in watermelon host antiviral resistance.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Gene
- H2A, and DnaJ11e5
- Outcome
- host antiviral resistancee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The molecular mode controlling cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV)-induced watermelon blood flesh disease (WBFD) is largely unknown”
e5“RAP2-3, MYB6, WRKY12, H2A, and DnaJ11 are likely to participate in host antiviral resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
A higher (spermidine + spermine):putrescine ratio was responsible for fruit decay and acidification in watermelon.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Organ / stage
- fruite6
- Compound
- (spermidine + spermine):putrescine ratioe6
- Outcome
- fruit decay and acidificatione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The molecular mode controlling cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV)-induced watermelon blood flesh disease (WBFD) is largely unknown”
e6“a higher (spermidine + spermine):putrescine ratio, malondialdehyde content, and lactic acid content were responsible for fruit decay and acidification”
Claim · model-written summary
Malondialdehyde content and lactic acid content were responsible for fruit decay and acidification in watermelon.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Compound
- malondialdehydee6
- Outcome
- fruit decay and acidificatione6
- Qualifier
- lactic acid contente6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The molecular mode controlling cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV)-induced watermelon blood flesh disease (WBFD) is largely unknown”
e6“a higher (spermidine + spermine):putrescine ratio, malondialdehyde content, and lactic acid content were responsible for fruit decay and acidification”
Claim · model-written summary
In watermelon, the most up-regulated DEGs were associated with polyamine and auxin biosynthesis, abscisic acid catabolism and defence-related pathways.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Outcome
- differentially expressed genes (DEGs)e7
- Direction
- up-regulatede7
- Qualifier
- polyamine and auxin biosynthesis, abscisic acid catabolism, defence-related pathwayse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The molecular mode controlling cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV)-induced watermelon blood flesh disease (WBFD) is largely unknown”
e7“the most up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were associated with polyamine and auxin biosynthesis, abscisic acid catabolism, defence-related pathways”
Claim · model-written summary
In watermelon, the most up-regulated DEGs were associated with cell wall modification and energy and secondary metabolism.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Outcome
- differentially expressed genes (DEGs)e7
- Direction
- up-regulatede7
- Qualifier
- cell wall modification, and energy and secondary metabolisme7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The molecular mode controlling cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV)-induced watermelon blood flesh disease (WBFD) is largely unknown”
e7“the most up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were associated with polyamine and auxin biosynthesis, abscisic acid catabolism, defence-related pathways, cell wall modification, and energy and secondary metabolism”
Claim · model-written summary
In watermelon, the down-regulated DEGs were mostly involved in ethylene biosynthesis, cell wall catabolism and plasma membrane functions.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Outcome
- DEGse7
- Direction
- down-regulatede7
- Qualifier
- ethylene biosynthesis, cell wall catabolism, and plasma membrane functionse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The molecular mode controlling cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV)-induced watermelon blood flesh disease (WBFD) is largely unknown”
e7“the down-regulated DEGs were mostly involved in ethylene biosynthesis, cell wall catabolism, and plasma membrane functions”
The same questions in other papers
boron atom · Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.