Abstract
Given the hypothesis that co-inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) enhances the beneficial effects of Rhizobium tropici with greater mineral nutrition, optimizes biological nitrogen fixation and reduces use of fertilizers in bean plants, the objective of this research was to evaluate the synergistic effects of Rhizobium tropici associated with Azospirillum brasilense, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens and their combinations, on increasing the efficiency of NPK fertilization to obtain high winter yields of the (irrigated) common bean in the Cerrado region. The experiment was carried out in the field over two years in a Rhodic Hapludox under a no-till system in Selvíria, Brazil. The experimental design comprised complete randomized blocks with four replications in a 3 × 7 factorial scheme. The treatments consisted of three doses of NPK fertilizer (control—0 kg ha−1 (control); 50% of the recommended dose; 100% of the recommended dose in two parts) and seven doses of inoculation or co-inoculation (control; Rhizobium tropici; R. tropici + Azospirillum brasilense; R. tropici + Bacillus subtilis; R. tropici + Pseudomonas fluorescens; R. tropici + A. brasilense + B. subtilis; R. tropici + A. brasilense + P. fluorescens). The PGPB in the co-inoculations increased the hundred-grain weight, the grain pod−1, the grain plant−1 and the grain yield following the NPK doses. The grain yield of the common bean was increased by co-inoculation with R. tropici + A. brasilense + P. fluorescens without NPK treatments, co-inoculation with R. tropici + P. fluorescens and R. tropici + A. brasilense + B. subtilis with the 50% dose of NPK and co-inoculation with R. tropici + B. subtilis with the recommended dose of NPK fertilizer (100%).
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
PGPB co-inoculation increased hundred-grain weight, grain per pod and grain per plant of common bean with NPK
- Taxon
- common bean
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Treatment
- co-inoculationse0
- Interactor
- PGPBe0symbiont
- Outcome
- hundred-grain weight, the grain pod−1, the grain plant−1e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean”
e0“The PGPB in the co-inoculations increased the hundred-grain weight, the grain pod−1, the grain plant−1 and the grain yield following the NPK doses”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPB co-inoculation increased grain yield of common bean following NPK doses
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- co-inoculationse0
- Interactor
- PGPBe0symbiont
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean”
e0“The PGPB in the co-inoculations increased the hundred-grain weight, the grain pod−1, the grain plant−1 and the grain yield following the NPK doses”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation with R. tropici, A. brasilense and P. fluorescens increased common bean grain yield without NPK
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- co-inoculation with R. tropici + A. brasilense + P. fluorescense1
- Interactor
- R. tropici
Martinezella tropicie1symbiont - Second interactor
- P. fluorescens
.JPG?width=60)
Pseudomonas fluorescense1symbiont - Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- without NPK treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean”
e1“The grain yield of the common bean was increased by co-inoculation with R. tropici + A. brasilense + P. fluorescens without NPK treatments, co-inoculation with R. tropici + P. fluorescens and R. tropici + A. brasilense + B. subtilis with the 50% dose of NPK and co-inoculation with R. tropici + B. subtilis with the recommended dose of NPK fertilizer (100%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation with R. tropici and P. fluorescens increased common bean grain yield at 50% NPK
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- co-inoculation with R. tropici + P. fluorescense1
- Interactor
- R. tropiciMartinezella tropicie1symbiont
- Second interactor
- P. fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense1symbiont
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- with the 50% dose of NPKe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean”
e1“The grain yield of the common bean was increased by co-inoculation with R. tropici + A. brasilense + P. fluorescens without NPK treatments, co-inoculation with R. tropici + P. fluorescens and R. tropici + A. brasilense + B. subtilis with the 50% dose of NPK and co-inoculation with R. tropici + B. subtilis with the recommended dose of NPK fertilizer (100%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation with R. tropici, A. brasilense and B. subtilis increased common bean grain yield at 50% NPK
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- R. tropici + A. brasilense + B. subtilise1
- Interactor
- R. tropiciMartinezella tropicie1symbiont
- Second interactor
- B. subtilis
Bacillus subtilise1symbiont - Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- with the 50% dose of NPKe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean”
e1“The grain yield of the common bean was increased by co-inoculation with R. tropici + A. brasilense + P. fluorescens without NPK treatments, co-inoculation with R. tropici + P. fluorescens and R. tropici + A. brasilense + B. subtilis with the 50% dose of NPK and co-inoculation with R. tropici + B. subtilis with the recommended dose of NPK fertilizer (100%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation with R. tropici and B. subtilis increased common bean grain yield at the recommended NPK dose
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- co-inoculation with R. tropici + B. subtilise1
- Interactor
- R. tropiciMartinezella tropicie1symbiont
- Second interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise1symbiont
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- with the recommended dose of NPK fertilizer (100%)e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Common Bean”
e1“The grain yield of the common bean was increased by co-inoculation with R. tropici + A. brasilense + P. fluorescens without NPK treatments, co-inoculation with R. tropici + P. fluorescens and R. tropici + A. brasilense + B. subtilis with the 50% dose of NPK and co-inoculation with R. tropici + B. subtilis with the recommended dose of NPK fertilizer (100%)”
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