Abstract
The excessive concentration of multiple heavy metals in the tannery solid waste (TSW) needs integrated process solutions for its decontamination. This study is aimed at deriving TSW compost and autochthonous microbe synergies for improving phytoextraction potential of sunflower. In-vessel composting of TSW was carried out by using fruit waste as an inoculum to achieve the optimized conditions. Autochthonous strains of Trichoderma viride and Bacilllus sp. isolated from TSW were utilized individually as well as in combination with TSWC amendments of 2.5, 5 and 10% (w/w) prepared in our pilot scale experiment. Analyses of TSW compost based on FTIR and SEM illustrated the wide range of functionality and porosity along the mesh of fungal hyphae and inorganic moieties present on the compost surface. Plant biomass and TMs uptake (Cr 540 mg kg−1 > Cd 330 mg kg−1 > Pb 285 mg kg−1) were significantly pronounced in shoots of sunflower under combined treatments at 10% TSWC amended soils. However, in seeds, TMs were found below detection limit (BDL) through atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Biochemical assays of sunflower including total chlorophyll content (18%), total soluble protein (45%), superoxide dismutase (80%) and catalase (75%) activities were also increased significantly at higher level of amendment in combination with microbes than in the control. Despite being high in TMs, high biomass in sunflower and associated elevation in biochemical products demonstrate the potential of TSW for valorization.Novelty statement: This study identifies the cost-effective management of multi metal contaminated tannery solid waste through deriving its compost along with autochthonous microbes as phytoextraction assistants by yielding higher plant biomass. This study suggests the use of composted TSW inoculated with selected autochthonous fungi and bacteria for enhancing sunflower’s biomass and enhancing the bioavailable fractions of toxic metals for phytoextraction.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
FTIR and SEM analyses of the TSW compost showed a wide range of functionality and porosity.
- Outcome
- functionality and porositye1
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e1“Analyses of TSW compost based on FTIR and SEM illustrated the wide range of functionality and porosity along the mesh of fungal hyphae and inorganic moieties present on the compost surface”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatments at 10% TSWC amended soils significantly increased sunflower shoot biomass.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Organ / stage
- shootse2
- Treatment
- combined treatments at 10% TSWC amended soilse2
- Outcome
- Plant biomasse2
- Direction
- pronouncede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“stress abatement in sunflower”
e2“Plant biomass and TMs uptake (Cr 540 mg kg−1 > Cd 330 mg kg−1 > Pb 285 mg kg−1) were significantly pronounced in shoots of sunflower under combined treatments at 10% TSWC amended soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatments at 10% TSWC amended soils significantly increased Cr uptake in sunflower shoots, 540 mg/kg.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- shootse2
- Treatment
- combined treatments at 10% TSWC amended soilse2
- Compound
- Cre2
- Outcome
- TMs uptakee2
- Direction
- pronouncede2
- Value
- 540 mg kg−1e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“stress abatement in sunflower”
e2“Plant biomass and TMs uptake (Cr 540 mg kg−1 > Cd 330 mg kg−1 > Pb 285 mg kg−1) were significantly pronounced in shoots of sunflower under combined treatments at 10% TSWC amended soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatments at 10% TSWC amended soils significantly increased Cd uptake in sunflower shoots, 330 mg/kg.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- shootse2
- Treatment
- combined treatments at 10% TSWC amended soilse2
- Compound
- Cde2
- Outcome
- TMs uptakee2
- Direction
- pronouncede2
- Value
- 330 mg kg−1e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“stress abatement in sunflower”
e2“Plant biomass and TMs uptake (Cr 540 mg kg−1 > Cd 330 mg kg−1 > Pb 285 mg kg−1) were significantly pronounced in shoots of sunflower under combined treatments at 10% TSWC amended soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatments at 10% TSWC amended soils significantly increased Pb uptake in sunflower shoots, 285 mg/kg.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- shootse2
- Treatment
- combined treatments at 10% TSWC amended soilse2
- Compound
- Pbe2
- Outcome
- TMs uptakee2
- Direction
- pronouncede2
- Value
- 285 mg kg−1e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“stress abatement in sunflower”
e2“Plant biomass and TMs uptake (Cr 540 mg kg−1 > Cd 330 mg kg−1 > Pb 285 mg kg−1) were significantly pronounced in shoots of sunflower under combined treatments at 10% TSWC amended soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Toxic metals in sunflower seeds were below the detection limit.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- seedse3
- Outcome
- TMse3
- Value
- below detection limit (BDL)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“stress abatement in sunflower”
e3“However, in seeds, TMs were found below detection limit (BDL) through atomic absorption spectrophotometry”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher amendment combined with microbes significantly increased total chlorophyll content of sunflower, by 18%, relative to the control.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- higher level of amendment in combination with microbese4
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll contente4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 18%e4
- Comparator
- controle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“stress abatement in sunflower”
e4“Biochemical assays of sunflower including total chlorophyll content (18%), total soluble protein (45%), superoxide dismutase (80%) and catalase (75%) activities were also increased significantly at higher level of amendment in combination with microbes than in the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher amendment combined with microbes significantly increased total soluble protein of sunflower, by 45%, relative to the control.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- higher level of amendment in combination with microbese4
- Outcome
- total soluble proteine4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 45%e4
- Comparator
- controle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“stress abatement in sunflower”
e4“Biochemical assays of sunflower including total chlorophyll content (18%), total soluble protein (45%), superoxide dismutase (80%) and catalase (75%) activities were also increased significantly at higher level of amendment in combination with microbes than in the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher amendment combined with microbes significantly increased superoxide dismutase activity of sunflower, by 80%, relative to the control.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- higher level of amendment in combination with microbese4
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutasee4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 80%e4
- Comparator
- controle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“stress abatement in sunflower”
e4“Biochemical assays of sunflower including total chlorophyll content (18%), total soluble protein (45%), superoxide dismutase (80%) and catalase (75%) activities were also increased significantly at higher level of amendment in combination with microbes than in the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher amendment combined with microbes significantly increased catalase activity of sunflower, by 75%, relative to the control.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- higher level of amendment in combination with microbese4
- Outcome
- catalasee4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 75%e4
- Comparator
- controle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“stress abatement in sunflower”
e4“Biochemical assays of sunflower including total chlorophyll content (18%), total soluble protein (45%), superoxide dismutase (80%) and catalase (75%) activities were also increased significantly at higher level of amendment in combination with microbes than in the control”
Claim · model-written summary
The study suggests using composted TSW inoculated with selected autochthonous fungi and bacteria to enhance sunflower biomass.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse6
- Treatment
- composted TSW inoculated with selected autochthonous fungi and bacteriae6
- Outcome
- biomasse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“This study suggests the use of composted TSW inoculated with selected autochthonous fungi and bacteria for enhancing sunflower’s biomass and enhancing the bioavailable fractions of toxic metals for phytoextraction”
Claim · model-written summary
The study suggests using composted TSW inoculated with autochthonous microbes to increase bioavailable fractions of toxic metals for phytoextraction.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse6
- Treatment
- composted TSW inoculated with selected autochthonous fungi and bacteriae6
- Outcome
- bioavailable fractions of toxic metalse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“This study suggests the use of composted TSW inoculated with selected autochthonous fungi and bacteria for enhancing sunflower’s biomass and enhancing the bioavailable fractions of toxic metals for phytoextraction”
Claim · model-written summary
High biomass and elevated biochemical products in sunflower indicate the potential of TSW for valorization.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse5
- Outcome
- potential of TSW for valorizatione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Despite being high in TMs, high biomass in sunflower and associated elevation in biochemical products demonstrate the potential of TSW for valorization”
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See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.