Abstract
1. The productive structures of Miscanthus sinensis- and Arundinella hirta-type communities in Kirigamine grassland, Nagano Prefecture, were investigated in August of 1959, using the stratified-clip method. In the former, the upper layer was mostly occupied by M. sinensis and the lower layer by other forbs, showing marked vertical stratification (Fig. 1-B). In the latter, no clear stratification was found and greater part of the foliage was distributed in the lowermost layer, 0-20cm above ground-level (Fig. 1-A).2. Above-ground standing crop of the whole vegetation began to increase from early May and reached their maxima by late August (Arundinella type, ca. 270g/m2) or early September (Miscanthus type, ca. 380g/m2), then decreased rapidly towards the end of growing season in November (Fig. 2).Underground standing crop ranged from 487 to 717g/m2 for Miscanthus type, and from 402 to 502g/m2 for Arundinella type, showing no clear seasonal trends during the growing period (Table 1). Mean value in winter of 600g/m2 was observed in Miscanthus-type community.Amount of litter was maximal at the end of growing season, in October or November, ca. 430g dry weight/m2 for Miscanthus type and ca. 200g/m2 for Arundinella type.3. Characteristic seasonal change in above-ground standing crop was shown for each constituent species of the communities (Fig. 3).Miscanthus sinensis assumed the largest proportion (about 40-60%) in total aboveground standing crop of Miscanthus-type community throughout the growing season, and it had a seasonal peak of ca. 240g dry weight/m2 in early September. Compositae species, such as Aster, Solidago, and Anaphalis, followed M. sinensis in rank of standing crop.In Arundinella-type community, grasses made the largest contribution to aboveground standing crop especially in late August, when the seasonal maximum, ca. 180g dry weight/m2, of grasses was attained. Liliaceae species, and Scabiosa japonica showed their seasonal maxima in June and in August, respectively.Seasonal peaks of the top weight/total plant weight ratio (%) were observed in late June for Liliaceae species, in late July for Compositae species, in August for Scabiosa japonica, and in late August or later for Miscanthus sinensis and other grasses (Fig. 4).4. Above-ground standing crops of these communities were compared with those of other Japanese herbaceous communities (Table 3).
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
The Miscanthus community had marked vertical stratification with M. sinensis above other forbs.
- Taxon
- Miscanthus sinensis
Miscanthus sinensise1 - Organ / stage
- upper layere0
- Outcome
- marked vertical stratificatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the upper layer was mostly occupied by M. sinensis and the lower layer by other forbs, showing marked vertical stratification”
e1“Miscanthus sinensis- and Arundinella hirta-type communities in Kirigamine grassland”
Claim · model-written summary
The Arundinella community lacked clear stratification and concentrated foliage in the lowest layer.
- Taxon
- Arundinella hirta
Arundinella hirtae1 - Outcome
- no clear stratificatione0
- Value
- 0-20cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no clear stratification was found and greater part of the foliage was distributed in the lowermost layer, 0-20cm above ground-level”
e1“Miscanthus sinensis- and Arundinella hirta-type communities in Kirigamine grassland”
Claim · model-written summary
Arundinella-type aboveground standing crop peaked in late August at about 270 g/m2.
- Taxon
- Arundinella hirtaArundinella hirtae1
- Outcome
- reached their maximae0
- Direction
- maximae0
- Value
- ca. 270g/m2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reached their maxima by late August (Arundinella type, ca. 270g/m2)”
e1“Miscanthus sinensis- and Arundinella hirta-type communities in Kirigamine grassland”
Claim · model-written summary
Miscanthus-type aboveground standing crop peaked in early September at about 380 g/m2.
- Taxon
- Miscanthus sinensisMiscanthus sinensise1
- Outcome
- early Septembere0
- Value
- ca. 380g/m2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“early September (Miscanthus type, ca. 380g/m2)”
e1“Miscanthus sinensis- and Arundinella hirta-type communities in Kirigamine grassland”
Claim · model-written summary
Miscanthus-type underground standing crop ranged from 487 to 717 g/m2.
- Taxon
- Miscanthus sinensisMiscanthus sinensise1
- Outcome
- Underground standing crope0
- Value
- 487 to 717g/m2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Underground standing crop ranged from 487 to 717g/m2 for Miscanthus type”
e1“Miscanthus sinensis- and Arundinella hirta-type communities in Kirigamine grassland”
Claim · model-written summary
Arundinella-type underground standing crop ranged from 402 to 502 g/m2.
- Taxon
- Arundinella hirtaArundinella hirtae1
- Outcome
- no clear seasonal trendse0
- Direction
- no clear seasonal trendse0
- Value
- 402 to 502g/m2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“from 402 to 502g/m2 for Arundinella type, showing no clear seasonal trends during the growing period”
e1“Miscanthus sinensis- and Arundinella hirta-type communities in Kirigamine grassland”
Claim · model-written summary
Miscanthus-type underground crop averaged 600 g/m2 in winter.
- Taxon
- Miscanthus sinensisMiscanthus sinensise1
- Outcome
- Mean valuee0
- Value
- 600g/m2e0
- Qualifier
- wintere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean value in winter of 600g/m2 was observed in Miscanthus-type community.”
e1“Miscanthus sinensis- and Arundinella hirta-type communities in Kirigamine grassland”
Claim · model-written summary
Miscanthus-type litter peaked in October or November at about 430 g dry weight/m2.
- Taxon
- Miscanthus sinensisMiscanthus sinensise1
- Outcome
- Amount of littere0
- Direction
- maximale0
- Value
- ca. 430g dry weight/m2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Amount of litter was maximal at the end of growing season, in October or November, ca. 430g dry weight/m2 for Miscanthus type”
e1“Miscanthus sinensis- and Arundinella hirta-type communities in Kirigamine grassland”
Claim · model-written summary
Arundinella-type litter peaked at about 200 g/m2.
- Taxon
- Arundinella hirtaArundinella hirtae1
- Outcome
- Arundinella typee0
- Value
- ca. 200g/m2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ca. 200g/m2 for Arundinella type”
e1“Miscanthus sinensis- and Arundinella hirta-type communities in Kirigamine grassland”
Claim · model-written summary
Miscanthus sinensis made up about 40–60% of Miscanthus-community aboveground standing crop throughout the season.
- Taxon
- Miscanthus sinensisMiscanthus sinensise1
- Outcome
- total aboveground standing crope0
- Direction
- largest proportione0
- Value
- about 40-60%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Miscanthus sinensis assumed the largest proportion (about 40-60%) in total aboveground standing crop of Miscanthus-type community throughout the growing season”
e1“Miscanthus sinensis- and Arundinella hirta-type communities in Kirigamine grassland”
Claim · model-written summary
Miscanthus sinensis standing crop peaked at about 240 g dry weight/m2 in early September.
- Taxon
- Miscanthus sinensisMiscanthus sinensise1
- Outcome
- seasonal peake0
- Direction
- seasonal peake0
- Value
- ca. 240g dry weight/m2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it had a seasonal peak of ca. 240g dry weight/m2 in early September”
e1“Miscanthus sinensis- and Arundinella hirta-type communities in Kirigamine grassland”
Claim · model-written summary
Grasses contributed most aboveground crop in the Arundinella community, peaking at about 180 g dry weight/m2 in late August.
- Taxon
- Arundinella hirtaArundinella hirtae1
- Outcome
- aboveground standing crope0
- Direction
- largest contributione0
- Value
- ca. 180g dry weight/m2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grasses made the largest contribution to aboveground standing crop especially in late August, when the seasonal maximum, ca. 180g dry weight/m2, of grasses was attained”
e1“Miscanthus sinensis- and Arundinella hirta-type communities in Kirigamine grassland”
Claim · model-written summary
Liliaceae species reached seasonal maxima in June.
Verbatim
e0“Liliaceae species, and Scabiosa japonica showed their seasonal maxima in June and in August, respectively”
e1“Miscanthus sinensis- and Arundinella hirta-type communities in Kirigamine grassland”
Claim · model-written summary
Scabiosa japonica reached seasonal maxima in August.
- Taxon
- Scabiosa japonica
Scabiosa japonicae0 - Outcome
- seasonal maximae0
- Qualifier
- Auguste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Liliaceae species, and Scabiosa japonica showed their seasonal maxima in June and in August, respectively”
e1“Miscanthus sinensis- and Arundinella hirta-type communities in Kirigamine grassland”
Claim · model-written summary
The top-weight to total-weight ratio peaked in late June for Liliaceae species.
Verbatim
e0“Seasonal peaks of the top weight/total plant weight ratio (%) were observed in late June for Liliaceae species”
e1“Miscanthus sinensis- and Arundinella hirta-type communities in Kirigamine grassland”
Claim · model-written summary
The top-weight to total-weight ratio peaked in late July for Compositae species.
- Taxon
- Compositae speciesAsteraceaee0
- Outcome
- top weight/total plant weight ratio (%)e0
- Qualifier
- late Julye0
Verbatim
e0“Seasonal peaks of the top weight/total plant weight ratio (%) were observed in late June for Liliaceae species, in late July for Compositae species”
e1“Miscanthus sinensis- and Arundinella hirta-type communities in Kirigamine grassland”
Claim · model-written summary
The top-weight to total-weight ratio peaked in August for Scabiosa japonica.
- Taxon
- Scabiosa japonicaScabiosa japonicae0
- Outcome
- in Auguste0
- Qualifier
- Auguste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in August for Scabiosa japonica”
e1“Miscanthus sinensis- and Arundinella hirta-type communities in Kirigamine grassland”
Claim · model-written summary
The top-weight to total-weight ratio peaked in late August or later for Miscanthus sinensis and other grasses.
- Taxon
- Miscanthus sinensisMiscanthus sinensise1
- Outcome
- in late August or latere0
- Qualifier
- late August or latere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in late August or later for Miscanthus sinensis and other grasses”
e1“Miscanthus sinensis- and Arundinella hirta-type communities in Kirigamine grassland”