Abstract
Field evaluation of four conventional insecticides and one microbial insecticide against black cutworm (BCW), Agrotis ipsilon, at two locations in cotton during 2008 and 2009 seasons were carried out in this study. Susceptibility of the two field strains compared to the laboratory strain for the five insecticides also was studied in the laboratory. At Abou-Elmatameer location, triazophos and Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki revealed the highest reduction percentages of BCW all over the experiment period during the two seasons. Triazophos caused BCW reduction percentages 91.7, 93.2. 94.1 and 94.5% during 2008 season, and 88.4, 90.6, 90.9 and 89.9% during 2009 season, after 3-, 6-, 9- and 12-days post-treatment, respectively. Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki reduced BCW population by 68.2, 90.0, 92.7 & 93.2% at 2008 and 69.7, 87.3, 90.6 & 90.5% at 2009 after 3-, 6-, 9- and 12-days post-treatment, respectively. On the other hand, λ-cyhalothrin gave the least BCW control. At Abees location, B.t. kurstaki recorded the highest BCW reduction percentages in the two seasons. During 2008, B.t. kurstaki achieved 73.7, 87.1, 90.0 and 89.4% reduction in BCW population after 3-, 6-, 9- and 12-days post-treatment. These reduction percentages were 71.7, 90.5, 89.1 and 90.9% after 3-, 6-, 9- and 12-days post-treatment, respectively, at 2009. Reduction percentages of BCW achieved by carbosulfan, chlorpyrifos, triazophos and λ-cyhalothrin at 2008 and 2009 were comparable and significantly lower than B.t. kurstaki. Black cutworm reduction percentages achieved by carbosulfan, chlorpyrifos, triazophos and λ-cyhalothrin at Abou-El-Matameer were significantly higher than at Abees in the two seasons. On the other hand, at the two seasons, BCW reduction percentages caused by B.t. kurstaki were not significantly different at the two locations. At the laboratory, Abees strain exerts tolerance ratios higher than Abou-Elmatameer strain to the tested conventional insecticides. The two field strains had no tolerance to B.t. kurstaki compared to the laboratory strain. Therefore, B.t. kurstaki may be considered as a good alternative for controlling BCW.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Triazophos had among the highest cutworm reductions at Abou-Elmatameer in both seasons.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume7 - Treatment
- triazophose0
- Interactor
- BCWe0pest
- Outcome
- reduction percentages of BCWe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Setting
- Abou-Elmatameere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At Abou-Elmatameer location, triazophos and Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki revealed the highest reduction percentages of BCW all over the experiment period during the two seasons.”
e7“at two locations in cotton during 2008 and 2009 seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki had among the highest cutworm reductions at Abou-Elmatameer in both seasons.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume7
- Treatment
- Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstakie0
- Interactor
- BCWe0pest
- Second interactor
- Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstakiBacillus thuringiensis serovar kurstakie0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- reduction percentages of BCWe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Setting
- Abou-Elmatameere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At Abou-Elmatameer location, triazophos and Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki revealed the highest reduction percentages of BCW all over the experiment period during the two seasons.”
e7“at two locations in cotton during 2008 and 2009 seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Triazophos reduced black cutworm by 91.7, 93.2, 94.1 and 94.5% across four sampling days in 2008.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume7
- Treatment
- Triazophose0
- Interactor
- BCWe0pest
- Outcome
- BCW reduction percentagese0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 91.7, 93.2. 94.1 and 94.5%e0
- Qualifier
- during 2008 seasone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triazophos caused BCW reduction percentages 91.7, 93.2. 94.1 and 94.5% during 2008 season, and 88.4, 90.6, 90.9 and 89.9% during 2009 season, after 3-, 6-, 9- and 12-days post-treatment, respectively.”
e7“at two locations in cotton during 2008 and 2009 seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Triazophos reduced black cutworm by 88.4, 90.6, 90.9 and 89.9% across four sampling days in 2009.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume7
- Treatment
- Triazophose0
- Interactor
- BCWe0pest
- Outcome
- BCW reduction percentagese0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 88.4, 90.6, 90.9 and 89.9%e0
- Qualifier
- during 2009 seasone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triazophos caused BCW reduction percentages 91.7, 93.2. 94.1 and 94.5% during 2008 season, and 88.4, 90.6, 90.9 and 89.9% during 2009 season, after 3-, 6-, 9- and 12-days post-treatment, respectively.”
e7“at two locations in cotton during 2008 and 2009 seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
B. thuringiensis kurstaki reduced cutworm populations across four dates in 2008.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume7
- Treatment
- Bacillus thuringiensis kurstakie0
- Interactor
- BCWe0pest
- Second interactor
- Bacillus thuringiensis kurstakiBacillus thuringiensis serovar kurstakie0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- BCW populatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 68.2, 90.0, 92.7 & 93.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki reduced BCW population by 68.2, 90.0, 92.7 & 93.2% at 2008”
e7“at two locations in cotton during 2008 and 2009 seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
B. thuringiensis kurstaki reduced cutworm populations across four dates in 2009.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume7
- Treatment
- Bacillus thuringiensis kurstakie0
- Interactor
- BCWe0pest
- Second interactor
- Bacillus thuringiensis kurstakiBacillus thuringiensis serovar kurstakie0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- BCW populatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 69.7, 87.3, 90.6 & 90.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki reduced BCW population by 68.2, 90.0, 92.7 & 93.2% at 2008 and 69.7, 87.3, 90.6 & 90.5% at 2009”
e7“at two locations in cotton during 2008 and 2009 seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Lambda-cyhalothrin gave the least black cutworm control.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume7
- Treatment
- λ-cyhalothrine0
- Interactor
- BCWe0pest
- Outcome
- BCW controle0
- Direction
- leaste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On the other hand, λ-cyhalothrin gave the least BCW control.”
e7“at two locations in cotton during 2008 and 2009 seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
B. thuringiensis kurstaki had the highest cutworm reduction at Abees in both seasons.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume7
- Treatment
- B.t. kurstakie0
- Interactor
- BCWe0pest
- Second interactor
- B.t. kurstakie0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- BCW reduction percentagese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Setting
- Abeese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At Abees location, B.t. kurstaki recorded the highest BCW reduction percentages in the two seasons.”
e7“at two locations in cotton during 2008 and 2009 seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
At Abees, B. thuringiensis kurstaki reduced cutworm by 73.7, 87.1, 90.0 and 89.4% across four dates in 2008.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume7
- Treatment
- B.t. kurstakie0
- Interactor
- BCWe0pest
- Second interactor
- B.t. kurstakie0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- BCW populatione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 73.7, 87.1, 90.0 and 89.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During 2008, B.t. kurstaki achieved 73.7, 87.1, 90.0 and 89.4% reduction in BCW population after 3-, 6-, 9- and 12-days post-treatment.”
e7“at two locations in cotton during 2008 and 2009 seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
At Abees, B. thuringiensis kurstaki reduced cutworm by 71.7, 90.5, 89.1 and 90.9% across four dates in 2009.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume7
- Treatment
- B.t. kurstakie0
- Interactor
- BCWe0pest
- Second interactor
- B.t. kurstakie0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- reduction percentagese0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 71.7, 90.5, 89.1 and 90.9%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At Abees location, B.t. kurstaki recorded the highest BCW reduction percentages in the two seasons. During 2008, B.t. kurstaki achieved 73.7, 87.1, 90.0 and 89.4% reduction in BCW population after 3-, 6-, 9- and 12-days post-treatment. These reduction percentages were 71.7, 90.5, 89.1 and 90.9% after 3-, 6-, 9- and 12-days post-treatment, respectively, at 2009.”
e7“at two locations in cotton during 2008 and 2009 seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional insecticides had significantly lower cutworm reduction than B. thuringiensis kurstaki at Abees.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume7
- Treatment
- carbosulfan, chlorpyrifos, triazophos and λ-cyhalothrine0
- Interactor
- BCWe0pest
- Outcome
- Reduction percentages of BCWe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- B.t. kurstakie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduction percentages of BCW achieved by carbosulfan, chlorpyrifos, triazophos and λ-cyhalothrin at 2008 and 2009 were comparable and significantly lower than B.t. kurstaki.”
e7“at two locations in cotton during 2008 and 2009 seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional insecticides reduced black cutworm more at Abou-El-Matameer than Abees.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume7
- Interactor
- Black cutworme0pest
- Outcome
- Black cutworm reduction percentagese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Abeese0
- Setting
- Abou-El-Matameere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Black cutworm reduction percentages achieved by carbosulfan, chlorpyrifos, triazophos and λ-cyhalothrin at Abou-El-Matameer were significantly higher than at Abees in the two seasons.”
e7“at two locations in cotton during 2008 and 2009 seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
B. thuringiensis kurstaki cutworm reductions did not significantly differ between locations.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume7
- Interactor
- BCWe0pest
- Outcome
- BCW reduction percentagese0
- Direction
- not significantly differente0
- Setting
- the two locationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BCW reduction percentages caused by B.t. kurstaki were not significantly different at the two locations.”
e7“at two locations in cotton during 2008 and 2009 seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
The Abees cutworm strain had higher tolerance ratios to conventional insecticides than the Abou-Elmatameer strain.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume7
- Interactor
- black cutworme1pest
- Outcome
- tolerance ratiose0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Abou-Elmatameer straine0
- Setting
- Abeese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the laboratory, Abees strain exerts tolerance ratios higher than Abou-Elmatameer strain to the tested conventional insecticides.”
e7“at two locations in cotton during 2008 and 2009 seasons”
e1“black cutworm (BCW), Agrotis ipsilon”
Claim · model-written summary
Neither field cutworm strain showed tolerance to B. thuringiensis kurstaki versus the laboratory strain.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume7
- Interactor
- black cutworme1pest
- Second interactor
- B.t. kurstakie0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- tolerancee0
- Direction
- no tolerancee0
- Comparator
- the laboratory straine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The two field strains had no tolerance to B.t. kurstaki compared to the laboratory strain.”
e7“at two locations in cotton during 2008 and 2009 seasons”
e1“black cutworm (BCW), Agrotis ipsilon”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors consider B. thuringiensis kurstaki a good alternative for black cutworm control.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume7
- Interactor
- BCWe0pest
- Second interactor
- B.t. kurstakie0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- a good alternative for controlling BCWe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Therefore, B.t. kurstaki may be considered as a good alternative for controlling BCW.”
e7“at two locations in cotton during 2008 and 2009 seasons”
The same questions in other papers
lambda-cyhalothrin · control · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Bacillus thuringiensis · pest · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.