Abstract
Potential agronomic and soil conservation benefits of modified no-till (NT) systems make them appealing for corn (Zea mays L.) production in the northern Corn Belt where adoption of NT has been limited due to yield reductions on these colder soils. A 4-yr (1997–2000) experiment was conducted on a high P– and K–testing Port Byron silt loam (fine silty, mixed, mesic typic Hapludoll) to determine the effects of four tillage systems [no-till (NT), Rawson zone till (ZT), fall strip till (ST), and conventional tillage practice (CT)] on corn production and cone index (CI; penetrometer resistance) in continuous corn and corn following soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Eight treatments, four tillage systems (main plots) with starter fertilizer at rates of 0 and 168 kg ha−1 of a 9–10–24, were arranged in a split-plot design with four replicates. Surface residue coverage after planting was maintained at high levels (>40%) with NT, ZT, and ST, whereas coverage averaged only 25% with the CT practice. Cone index during the period of early plant growth was significantly less for the ZT and ST systems compared with the NT and CT systems, but CI did not exceed 1.3 MPa. Four-year average yields of continuous corn grain ranked according to tillage were CT > ZT = ST > NT. A significant tillage × year interaction indicated equal yields for CT and NT in the first 2 yr but 1.0 to 1.2 Mg ha−1 less with NT in the last 2 yr. Tillage system did not significantly affect corn grain yields following soybean when averaged across years. Starter fertilizer increased yields by 0.5 Mg ha−1 on this high-testing soil for all tillage systems in both crop rotations. Surface residue and corn yields following corn and soybean can be optimized using modified NT systems (ZT and ST) and starter fertilizer in these well-drained, loess soils.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
No-till, zone till, and strip till maintained over 40% surface residue after planting.
- Treatment
- NT, ZT, and STe0
- Outcome
- Surface residue coveragee0
- Direction
- high levelse0
- Value
- >40%e0
- Comparator
- CT practicee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Surface residue coverage after planting was maintained at high levels (>40%) with NT, ZT, and ST, whereas coverage averaged only 25% with the CT practice.”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage averaged 25% surface residue cover.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“coverage averaged only 25% with the CT practice”
Claim · model-written summary
Zone till and strip till had significantly less cone index than no-till and conventional tillage during early growth.
- Treatment
- ZT and ST systemse0
- Outcome
- Cone indexe0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 1.3 MPae0
- Comparator
- NT and CT systemse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Cone index during the period of early plant growth was significantly less for the ZT and ST systems compared with the NT and CT systems, but CI did not exceed 1.3 MPa.”
Claim · model-written summary
Four-year continuous corn grain yields ranked CT above ZT and ST, which ranked above NT.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Outcome
- yields of continuous corn graine0
- Direction
- CT > ZT = ST > NTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four-year average yields of continuous corn grain ranked according to tillage were CT > ZT = ST > NT.”
Claim · model-written summary
CT and NT yielded equally in the first two years.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“equal yields for CT and NT in the first 2 yr”
Claim · model-written summary
NT yielded 1.0 to 1.2 Mg ha−1 less than CT in the final two years.
Not reportedTaxonComparatorOutcome
Verbatim
e0“1.0 to 1.2 Mg ha−1 less with NT in the last 2 yr”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage system did not significantly affect corn grain yield after soybean across years.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Tillage systeme0
- Outcome
- corn grain yieldse0
- Direction
- did not significantly affecte0
- Qualifier
- following soybeane0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tillage system did not significantly affect corn grain yields following soybean when averaged across years.”
Claim · model-written summary
Starter fertilizer increased yield by 0.5 Mg ha−1 in both rotations and all tillage systems.
- Treatment
- Starter fertilizere0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0.5 Mg ha−1e0
- Qualifier
- all tillage systems in both crop rotationse0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Starter fertilizer increased yields by 0.5 Mg ha−1 on this high-testing soil for all tillage systems in both crop rotations.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend modified no-till systems and starter fertilizer to optimize residue and yield.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- modified NT systems (ZT and ST) and starter fertilizere0
- Outcome
- Surface residue and corn yieldse0
- Setting
- well-drained, loess soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Surface residue and corn yields following corn and soybean can be optimized using modified NT systems (ZT and ST) and starter fertilizer in these well-drained, loess soils.”
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See all 3,908 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.