Abstract
In a 2-yr study, the impacts of different plastic soil mulches, insecticides, and predator releases on Frankliniella thrips and their natural enemies were investigated in field-grown peppers. Ultraviolet light (UV)-reflective mulch significantly reduced early season abundance of adult thrips compared with standard black plastic mulch. This difference diminished as the growing seasons progressed. Late season abundance of thrips larvae was higher in UV reflective mulch compared with black mulch plots. The abundance of the predator Orius insidiosus (Say) was significantly lower in UV-reflective mulch compared with black mulch treatments. Infection of plants with tomato spotted wilt virus, a pathogen vectored by Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), was <6%. In the year with the higher disease incidence (2000), UV-reflective mulch plots had significantly less disease (1.9%) compared with black mulch plots (4.4%). Yield was significantly higher in UV-reflective mulch (24,529 kg/ha) compared with black mulch (15,315 kg/ha) during this year. Effects of insecticides varied with species of thrips. Spinosad reduced abundance of F. occidentalis, but not Frankliniella tritici. In contrast, esfenvalerate and acephate reduced numbers of F. tritici and Frankliniella bispinosa, but resulted in higher populations of F. occidentalis. Spinosad was the least disruptive insecticide to populations of O. insidiosus. Releases of O. insidiosus and Geocoris punctipes (Say) reduced populations of thrips immediately after releases; naturally occurring predators probably provided late season control of thrips. Our results suggest that UV-reflective mulch, combined with early season applications of spinosad, can effectively reduce abundance of thrips in field-grown pepper.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
UV-reflective mulch significantly reduced early season abundance of adult thrips compared with black plastic mulch
- Treatment
- Ultraviolet light (UV)-reflective mulche1
- Interactor
- Frankliniella thripse0pest
- Outcome
- early season abundance of adult thripse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- standard black plastic mulche1
- Setting
- field-grown pepperse0
CapsicumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a 2-yr study, the impacts of different plastic soil mulches, insecticides, and predator releases on Frankliniella thrips and their natural enemies were investigated in field-grown peppers”
e1“Ultraviolet light (UV)-reflective mulch significantly reduced early season abundance of adult thrips compared with standard black plastic mulch”
Claim · model-written summary
The difference in thrips abundance between UV-reflective and black mulch diminished as the growing seasons progressed
- Treatment
- Ultraviolet light (UV)-reflective mulche1
- Outcome
- This differencee2
- Direction
- diminishede2
- Qualifier
- as the growing seasons progressede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a 2-yr study, the impacts of different plastic soil mulches, insecticides, and predator releases on Frankliniella thrips and their natural enemies were investigated in field-grown peppers”
e1“Ultraviolet light (UV)-reflective mulch significantly reduced early season abundance of adult thrips compared with standard black plastic mulch”
e2“This difference diminished as the growing seasons progressed”
Claim · model-written summary
Late season abundance of thrips larvae was higher under UV-reflective mulch than under black mulch
- Treatment
- UV reflective mulche3
- Interactor
- Frankliniella thripse0pest
- Outcome
- Late season abundance of thrips larvaee3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- black mulch plotse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a 2-yr study, the impacts of different plastic soil mulches, insecticides, and predator releases on Frankliniella thrips and their natural enemies were investigated in field-grown peppers”
e3“Late season abundance of thrips larvae was higher in UV reflective mulch compared with black mulch plots”
Claim · model-written summary
The predator Orius insidiosus was significantly less abundant under UV-reflective mulch than under black mulch
- Treatment
- UV-reflective mulche4
- Interactor
- Orius insidiosus
.jpg?width=60)
Orius insidiosuse4biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- abundance of the predator Orius insidiosuse4
- Direction
- lowere4
- Comparator
- black mulch treatmentse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“In a 2-yr study, the impacts of different plastic soil mulches, insecticides, and predator releases on Frankliniella thrips and their natural enemies were investigated in field-grown peppers”
e4“The abundance of the predator Orius insidiosus (Say) was significantly lower in UV-reflective mulch compared with black mulch treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Infection of pepper plants with tomato spotted wilt virus was below 6%
- Interactor
- tomato spotted wilt virus
Orthotospovirus tomatomaculaee5pathogen - Second interactor
- Frankliniella occidentalis
Frankliniella occidentalise5pest - Outcome
- Infection of plants with tomato spotted wilt viruse5
- Value
- <6%e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a 2-yr study, the impacts of different plastic soil mulches, insecticides, and predator releases on Frankliniella thrips and their natural enemies were investigated in field-grown peppers”
e5“Infection of plants with tomato spotted wilt virus, a pathogen vectored by Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), was <6%”
Claim · model-written summary
In a year with higher disease incidence, UV-reflective mulch had significantly less disease (1.9%) than black mulch (4.4%)
- Treatment
- UV-reflective mulche6
- Outcome
- diseasee6
- Direction
- lesse6
- Value
- 1.9%e6
- Qualifier
- 4.4%e6
- Comparator
- black mulch plotse6
- Setting
- 2000e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a 2-yr study, the impacts of different plastic soil mulches, insecticides, and predator releases on Frankliniella thrips and their natural enemies were investigated in field-grown peppers”
e6“In the year with the higher disease incidence (2000), UV-reflective mulch plots had significantly less disease (1.9%) compared with black mulch plots (4.4%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield was significantly higher under UV-reflective mulch (24,529 kg/ha) than under black mulch (15,315 kg/ha)
- Treatment
- UV-reflective mulche7
- Outcome
- Yielde7
- Direction
- highere7
- Value
- 24,529 kg/hae7
- Qualifier
- 15,315 kg/hae7
- Comparator
- black mulche7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a 2-yr study, the impacts of different plastic soil mulches, insecticides, and predator releases on Frankliniella thrips and their natural enemies were investigated in field-grown peppers”
e7“Yield was significantly higher in UV-reflective mulch (24,529 kg/ha) compared with black mulch (15,315 kg/ha) during this year”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinosad reduced the abundance of Frankliniella occidentalis
- Treatment
- Spinosade1
- Interactor
- F. occidentalisFrankliniella occidentalise1pest
- Outcome
- abundance of F. occidentalise1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a 2-yr study, the impacts of different plastic soil mulches, insecticides, and predator releases on Frankliniella thrips and their natural enemies were investigated in field-grown peppers”
e1“Spinosad reduced abundance of F. occidentalis, but not Frankliniella tritici”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinosad did not reduce the abundance of Frankliniella tritici
- Treatment
- Spinosade1
- Interactor
- Frankliniella triticiFrankliniella triticie1pest
- Outcome
- abundancee1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a 2-yr study, the impacts of different plastic soil mulches, insecticides, and predator releases on Frankliniella thrips and their natural enemies were investigated in field-grown peppers”
e1“Spinosad reduced abundance of F. occidentalis, but not Frankliniella tritici”
Claim · model-written summary
Esfenvalerate and acephate reduced numbers of Frankliniella tritici
- Treatment
- esfenvalerate and acephatee1
- Interactor
- F. triticiFrankliniella triticie1pest
- Outcome
- numbers of F. triticie1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a 2-yr study, the impacts of different plastic soil mulches, insecticides, and predator releases on Frankliniella thrips and their natural enemies were investigated in field-grown peppers”
e1“In contrast, esfenvalerate and acephate reduced numbers of F. tritici and Frankliniella bispinosa, but resulted in higher populations of F. occidentalis”
Claim · model-written summary
Esfenvalerate and acephate reduced numbers of Frankliniella bispinosa
- Treatment
- esfenvalerate and acephatee1
- Interactor
- Frankliniella bispinosaFrankliniella bispinosae1pest
- Outcome
- numberse1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a 2-yr study, the impacts of different plastic soil mulches, insecticides, and predator releases on Frankliniella thrips and their natural enemies were investigated in field-grown peppers”
e1“In contrast, esfenvalerate and acephate reduced numbers of F. tritici and Frankliniella bispinosa, but resulted in higher populations of F. occidentalis”
Claim · model-written summary
Esfenvalerate and acephate resulted in higher populations of Frankliniella occidentalis
- Treatment
- esfenvalerate and acephatee1
- Interactor
- F. occidentalisFrankliniella occidentalise1pest
- Outcome
- populations of F. occidentalise1
- Direction
- highere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a 2-yr study, the impacts of different plastic soil mulches, insecticides, and predator releases on Frankliniella thrips and their natural enemies were investigated in field-grown peppers”
e1“In contrast, esfenvalerate and acephate reduced numbers of F. tritici and Frankliniella bispinosa, but resulted in higher populations of F. occidentalis”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinosad was the least disruptive insecticide to the predator Orius insidiosus
- Treatment
- Spinosade1
- Interactor
- O. insidiosusOrius insidiosuse1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- populations of O. insidiosuse1
- Qualifier
- least disruptive insecticidee1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a 2-yr study, the impacts of different plastic soil mulches, insecticides, and predator releases on Frankliniella thrips and their natural enemies were investigated in field-grown peppers”
e1“Spinosad was the least disruptive insecticide to populations of O. insidiosus”
Claim · model-written summary
Releases of Orius insidiosus and Geocoris punctipes reduced thrips populations immediately after releases
- Treatment
- Releases of O. insidiosus and Geocoris punctipese1
- Second interactor
- O. insidiosusOrius insidiosuse1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- populations of thripse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Qualifier
- immediately after releasese1
ThripsNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a 2-yr study, the impacts of different plastic soil mulches, insecticides, and predator releases on Frankliniella thrips and their natural enemies were investigated in field-grown peppers”
e1“Releases of O. insidiosus and Geocoris punctipes (Say) reduced populations of thrips immediately after releases”
Claim · model-written summary
Naturally occurring predators probably provided late season control of thrips
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a 2-yr study, the impacts of different plastic soil mulches, insecticides, and predator releases on Frankliniella thrips and their natural enemies were investigated in field-grown peppers”
e1“naturally occurring predators probably provided late season control of thrips”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest that UV-reflective mulch combined with early season spinosad can effectively reduce thrips abundance in pepper
- Outcome
- UV-reflective mulch, combined with early season applications of spinosade1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a 2-yr study, the impacts of different plastic soil mulches, insecticides, and predator releases on Frankliniella thrips and their natural enemies were investigated in field-grown peppers”
e1“Our results suggest that UV-reflective mulch, combined with early season applications of spinosad, can effectively reduce abundance of thrips in field-grown pepper”
The same questions in other papers
spinosad · Frankliniella tritici · Capsicum (peppers)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
esfenvalerate · Frankliniella tritici · Capsicum (peppers)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
acephate · Frankliniella tritici · Capsicum (peppers)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
esfenvalerate · Frankliniella bispinosa · Capsicum (peppers)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
acephate · Frankliniella bispinosa · Capsicum (peppers)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
esfenvalerate · Frankliniella occidentalis · Capsicum (peppers)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
acephate · Frankliniella occidentalis · Capsicum (peppers)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Geocoris punctipes · Thrips · Capsicum (peppers)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
8 of 17 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.