Abstract
1. The effects of physical and chemical properties of soils weathered from different parent materials on the growth of Satsuma oranges were investigated from 1957 to 1962. The concrete frame used for the experiment had area of 3.24 square meters and depth of 1.2 meters. Soils examined were collected from main citrus raising areas in Ehime Prefecture, and they were derived from different parent materials as follows:Sekizen soil: Paleozoic graywacke and lime stoneFutami soil: Chlorite schistOhira soil: Biotite andesiteYoshida soil: Mesozoic sand stoneOno soil: DiluvialIdai soil: Granodiorite2. Judging from the volume of tree crown, the enlargement of trunk diameter, growth of shoots, amounts of pruning and fruit yield, the growth of Satsuma oranges was superior in Sekizen and Futami soil, inferior in Ono and Idai soil, and intermediate in Ohira and Yoshida soil. The shoot growth in Ono, Idai, Ohira and Yoshida soil was greater in organic fertilizer (fish manure etc.) than in the inorganic (ammonium sulphate etc.).3. Among 6 different soils examined, there were conspicuous differences in the gravel content, soil texture and other physical properties. Soil organic matter was slightly abundant in Sekizen and Futami soil. Soil reaction was slightly acidic in Sekizen soil with the high degree of cation saturation, but was strongly acidic (pH 5.0-4.5) in other soils. Cation exchange capacity was great in Ohira and Futami soil. In the inorganic fertilizer plots, soil pH of 10-30cm depth lowered remarkably, while that of top soil (0-10cm) became high by the application of dolomite in the fifth year. The lowering of soil pH was slight in organic fertilizer plots.4. Comparing the changes of nitrate nitrogen of top soil from March to November in Sekizen, Yoshida and Idai soil, Sekizen soil was highest almost throughout the season, followed by Yoshida and Idai soil in order. In the organic fertilizer plot the content of nitrate nitrogen in top soil was higher than in the inorganic fertilizer plot especially after summer. The nitrate nitrogen content might become one of indexes which indicate the difference in growth of Satsuma orange trees. It seems that chemical and physical properties in examined soils, had a great effect on the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers.5. There were the great differences in fruit yield and tree vigor of Satsuma oranges even in each area where the soils of the present experiment were collected. The productivity seemed to be closely related to the available depth of soil and the physical structure and it was difficult to analyze the direct effect of chemical properties.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Tree growth and fruit yield were best in Sekizen and Futami soil, worst in Ono and Idai soil, and intermediate in Ohira and Yoshida soil.
- Taxon
- Satsuma oranges
Citrus unshiue0 - Treatment
- Sekizen and Futami soile0
- Outcome
- growth of Satsuma orangese0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- Ono and Idai soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth of Satsuma oranges was superior in Sekizen and Futami soil, inferior in Ono and Idai soil, and intermediate in Ohira and Yoshida soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer increased shoot growth in four soils relative to inorganic fertilizer.
- Taxon
- Satsuma orange treesCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- organic fertilizer (fish manure etc.)e0
- Outcome
- shoot growthe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- inorganic (ammonium sulphate etc.)e0
- Setting
- Ono, Idai, Ohira and Yoshida soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The shoot growth in Ono, Idai, Ohira and Yoshida soil was greater in organic fertilizer (fish manure etc.) than in the inorganic (ammonium sulphate etc.)”
t0“Satsuma orange trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil pH at 10-30 cm fell markedly in inorganic fertilizer plots.
- Taxon
- Satsuma orange treesCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- inorganic fertilizere0
- Outcome
- soil pH of 10-30cm depthe0
- Direction
- lowered remarkablye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the inorganic fertilizer plots, soil pH of 10-30cm depth lowered remarkably”
t0“Satsuma orange trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Dolomite raised topsoil pH in the fifth year.
- Taxon
- Satsuma orange treesCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- application of dolomitee0
- Outcome
- top soil (0-10cm)e0
- Direction
- became highe0
- Qualifier
- fifth yeare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“that of top soil (0-10cm) became high by the application of dolomite in the fifth year”
t0“Satsuma orange trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil pH fell only slightly in organic fertilizer plots.
- Taxon
- Satsuma orange treesCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- organic fertilizere0
- Outcome
- soil pHe0
- Direction
- loweringe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lowering of soil pH was slight in organic fertilizer plots”
t0“Satsuma orange trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Sekizen soil had the highest topsoil nitrate nitrogen, followed by Yoshida then Idai.
- Taxon
- Satsuma orange treesCitrus unshiut0
- Outcome
- Sekizen soile0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- almost throughout the seasone0
- Comparator
- Yoshida and Idai soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sekizen soil was highest almost throughout the season, followed by Yoshida and Idai soil in order”
t0“Satsuma orange trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer plots had higher topsoil nitrate nitrogen after summer than inorganic fertilizer plots.
- Taxon
- Satsuma orange treesCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- organic fertilizere0
- Outcome
- content of nitrate nitrogen in top soile0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- especially after summere0
- Comparator
- inorganic fertilizer plote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the organic fertilizer plot the content of nitrate nitrogen in top soil was higher than in the inorganic fertilizer plot especially after summer”
t0“Satsuma orange trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit yield and tree vigor differed substantially within the sampled areas.
- Taxon
- Satsuma orangesCitrus unshiue0
- Outcome
- fruit yield and tree vigore0
- Direction
- great differencese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were the great differences in fruit yield and tree vigor of Satsuma oranges even in each area”
Claim · model-written summary
Productivity appeared closely related to available soil depth and physical structure.
- Taxon
- Satsuma orange treesCitrus unshiut0
- Outcome
- productivitye0
- Qualifier
- available depth of soil and the physical structuree0
Not reportedSettingDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The productivity seemed to be closely related to the available depth of soil and the physical structure”
t0“Satsuma orange trees”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · growth · Citrus unshiu (satsuma mandarin)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.