Abstract
The outline of this experiment and its results of: the first 14 years were reported in the previous, paper of this series. This paper deals with the -observation on soil profile made in 1958 and the resulfs of soil analyses on the physical and chemical properties made in 1958 to 1960. 1. Excavation of the soil profile revealed that a clay pan derived from shale was underlying at the -depth of about 40 cm, which restricted root penetration below this layer.except for a few large roots. In the soil profile to 40 cm deep, deeper root distribution and more fine roots were found in the plots recieving larger amount of green manure. 2. Physical properties of soil such as porosity, soil moisture retention, and development of soil. aggregates, were improved by the application of .green manure, especially in the 75% and 100% plots. 3. Humus content in the surface layer (0_??_7cm) was 5.66% (dry soil base) in the 100% plot, and 1.84% in the 0% plot. Humus has been accumulated in the plots where 50% or more of the fertilizer elements were applied with the green manure, and high humus content was accompanied with high nitrogen content. 4. Soil reaction in the 0% and 25% plots was strongly acidic, while the soil in the plots recieving ample supply of green manure was nearly neutral in its reaction. 5. Cation exchangeable capacity and total exchangeable cation content of the soil were increased in proportion to its organic carbon content. 6. It may be concluded that the above mentioned changes in the soil due to the application of green manure enhanced the development and activity of roots and also increased the growth and yield of citrus trees. These effects were especially conspicu ous in the 75% and 100% plots.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
A shale-derived clay pan at about 40 cm restricted citrus root penetration.
- Taxon
- Satsuma orange
Citrus unshiut0 - Outcome
- root penetratione0
- Direction
- restrictede0
- Value
- about 40 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Satsuma orange”
e0“a clay pan derived from shale was underlying at the -depth of about 40 cm, which restricted root penetration below this layer.except for a few large roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Larger green manure amounts were associated with deeper root distribution and more fine roots.
- Taxon
- Satsuma orangeCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- larger amount of green manuree0
- Outcome
- deeper root distribution and more fine rootse0
- Direction
- deepere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Satsuma orange”
e0“deeper root distribution and more fine roots were found in the plots recieving larger amount of green manure”
Claim · model-written summary
Green manure improved soil porosity, moisture retention and aggregation, especially in 75% and 100% plots.
- Taxon
- Satsuma orangeCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- application of .green manuree0
- Outcome
- porosity, soil moisture retention, and development of soil. aggregatese0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- especially in the 75% and 100% plotse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Satsuma orange”
e0“Physical properties of soil such as porosity, soil moisture retention, and development of soil. aggregates, were improved by the application of .green manure, especially in the 75% and 100% plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Surface humus was 5.66% in the 100% plot versus 1.84% in the 0% plot.
- Taxon
- Satsuma orangeCitrus unshiut0
- Outcome
- Humus contente0
- Value
- 5.66% (dry soil base)e0
- Qualifier
- 1.84%e0
- Comparator
- 0% plote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Satsuma orange”
e0“Humus content in the surface layer (0_??_7cm) was 5.66% (dry soil base) in the 100% plot, and 1.84% in the 0% plot”
Claim · model-written summary
Humus accumulated where at least half of fertilizer elements were supplied through green manure.
- Taxon
- Satsuma orangeCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- green manuree0
- Outcome
- Humuse0
- Direction
- accumulatede0
- Qualifier
- 50% or more of the fertilizer elementse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Satsuma orange”
e0“Humus has been accumulated in the plots where 50% or more of the fertilizer elements were applied with the green manure”
Claim · model-written summary
High humus content accompanied high nitrogen content.
- Taxon
- Satsuma orangeCitrus unshiut0
- Compound
- humuse0
- Outcome
- high nitrogen contente0
- Direction
- highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Satsuma orange”
e0“high humus content was accompanied with high nitrogen content”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil was strongly acidic in 0% and 25% plots but nearly neutral with ample green manure.
- Taxon
- Satsuma orangeCitrus unshiut0
- Outcome
- Soil reactione0
- Qualifier
- strongly acidice0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Satsuma orange”
e0“Soil reaction in the 0% and 25% plots was strongly acidic, while the soil in the plots recieving ample supply of green manure was nearly neutral in its reaction”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil cation exchange capacity and exchangeable cations increased with organic carbon content.
- Taxon
- Satsuma orangeCitrus unshiut0
- Compound
- organic carbone0
- Outcome
- Cation exchangeable capacity and total exchangeable cation content of the soile0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Satsuma orange”
e0“Cation exchangeable capacity and total exchangeable cation content of the soil were increased in proportion to its organic carbon content”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors concluded that manure-driven soil changes enhanced citrus root development and activity.
- Taxon
- Satsuma orangeCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- application of green manuree0
- Outcome
- development and activity of rootse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Satsuma orange”
e0“changes in the soil due to the application of green manure enhanced the development and activity of roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors concluded that green manure increased citrus growth and yield, most conspicuously in 75% and 100% plots.
- Taxon
- Satsuma orangeCitrus unshiut0
- Outcome
- growth and yield of citrus treese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 75% and 100% plotse0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Satsuma orange”
e0“increased the growth and yield of citrus trees. These effects were especially conspicu ous in the 75% and 100% plots”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · growth · Citrus unshiu (satsuma mandarin)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.