Abstract
Incorporation of rice straw into soil is a common practice to improve soil productivity and increase inorganic fertilizer availability. However, this practice could contribute to methane (CH4) emission; one of the greenhouse gases that causes global warming. Nitrification inhibitors such as neem cake and carbofuran may reduce methane emission following application of rice straw. The study aimed to evaluate the application of rice straw and nitrification inhibitor to methane emission in rainfed lowland rice system. A factorial randomized block design was used with three replications. The first factor was rice straw incorporation (5 t ha-1 fresh straw, 5 t ha-1 composted straw), and the second factor was nitrification inhibitor application (20 kg ha-1 neem cake, 20 kg ha-1 carbofuran). The experiment was conducted at rainfed lowland in Pati, Central Java, during 2009/2010 wet season. Ciherang variety was planted as direct seeded rice with spacing of 20 cm x 20 cm in each plot of 4 m x 5 m. The rice straw was treated together with soil tillage, whereas nitrification inhibitor was applied together with urea application. Parameters observed were methane flux, plant height, plant biomass, grain yield, organic C content, and bacterial population in soil. The methane flux and soil organic C were measured at 25, 45, 60, 75, and 95 days after emergence. The results showed that composted rice straw incorporation significantly emitted methane lower (73.2 ± 6.6 kg CH4 ha-1 season-1) compared to the fresh rice straw (93.5 ± 4.0 CH4 ha-1 season-1). Application of nitrification inhibitors neem cake and carbofuran reduced methane emission as much as 20.7 and 15.4 kg CH4 ha-1 season-1, respectively. Under direct seeded rice system, methane flux level correlated with plant biomass as shown by linear regression of Y = 0.0015 X + 0.0575 (R2 = 0.2305, n = 27). This means that higher plant biomass produced more methane flux. The study indicates that application of nitrification inhibitors such as neem cake is prospective in decreasing methane emission from direct seeded rice cropping.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Composted rice straw emitted significantly less methane than fresh straw: 73.2 ± 6.6 versus 93.5 ± 4.0 per season.
- Taxon
- RICE
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- composted rice straw incorporatione0
- Outcome
- methanee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 73.2 ± 6.6 kg CH4 ha-1 season-1e0
- Qualifier
- 93.5 ± 4.0 CH4 ha-1 season-1e0
- Comparator
- fresh rice strawe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“DIRECT SEEDED RICE”
e0“composted rice straw incorporation significantly emitted methane lower (73.2 ± 6.6 kg CH4 ha-1 season-1) compared to the fresh rice straw (93.5 ± 4.0 CH4 ha-1 season-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem cake reduced methane emission by 20.7 kg CH4 ha-1 season-1.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“DIRECT SEEDED RICE”
e0“Application of nitrification inhibitors neem cake and carbofuran reduced methane emission as much as 20.7 and 15.4 kg CH4 ha-1 season-1, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbofuran reduced methane emission by 15.4 kg CH4 ha-1 season-1.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- carbofurane0
- Outcome
- methane emissione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 15.4 kg CH4 ha-1 season-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“DIRECT SEEDED RICE”
e0“Application of nitrification inhibitors neem cake and carbofuran reduced methane emission as much as 20.7 and 15.4 kg CH4 ha-1 season-1, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Methane flux increased with rice plant biomass under direct seeding.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- plant biomasse0
- Outcome
- methane fluxe0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- R2 = 0.2305e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“DIRECT SEEDED RICE”
e0“methane flux level correlated with plant biomass as shown by linear regression of Y = 0.0015 X + 0.0575 (R2 = 0.2305, n = 27). This means that higher plant biomass produced more methane flux.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors regard neem cake as promising for decreasing methane from direct-seeded rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- decreasing methane emission from direct seeded rice croppinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“DIRECT SEEDED RICE”
e0“application of nitrification inhibitors such as neem cake is prospective in decreasing methane emission from direct seeded rice cropping”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.