Abstract
We present foliar biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emission data from 24-h heat-stressed tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings including speciated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes and high time-resolution measurements of methyl salicylate and total monoterpenes. The median total monoterpene and total sesquiterpene emission rates at 30°C were 18.5 and 0.172 pmol m–2 s–1, respectively, which falls within the negligible emission category of previous studies. However, initial heat exposure (39°C or 42°C) increased the emissions of approximately half of the targeted compounds beyond what was predicted by current BVOC emission temperature response algorithms. The enhanced emissions were not always sustained for the entire duration of the heat stress and some plants exhibited a delayed monoterpene response, where emissions peaked toward the end of the heat treatment. Methyl salicylate, a known stress marker, responded differently to the heat stress than most of the other compounds. Heat stress increased methyl salicylate emissions in some plants (at least initially), but in others, emissions declined or did not change significantly. There was no significant correlation between the magnitude of gene expression and emission induction of monoterpenes or methyl salicylate. Furthermore, the emitted monoterpenes did not exhibit any apparent light-dependent behavior, which suggests that these monoterpene stress emissions mostly originated from light-independent foliar storage pools and not from increased de novo production. In contrast, methyl salicylate emissions appear to have contributions from both de novo synthesis and stored pools, as they showed both enzyme-controlled (i.e., light-dependent) and light-independent behaviors. Analyses of the foliar essential oils demonstrate that most of the emitted BVOCs were also present in stored pools. The pool sizes were generally large enough to sustain unstressed emission levels for days to months, and even years for some compounds. However, heat-induced emission enhancement can diminish the pool sizes of some BVOCs, which could decrease subsequent emissions.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
At 30°C median total monoterpene emission was 18.5 pmol m–2 s–1.
- Taxon
- tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- 30°Ce0
- Outcome
- total monoterpene and total sesquiterpene emission ratese0
- Value
- 18.5 and 0.172 pmol m–2 s–1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The median total monoterpene and total sesquiterpene emission rates at 30°C were 18.5 and 0.172 pmol m–2 s–1, respectively”
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Initial 39°C or 42°C exposure increased emissions of about half the targeted compounds beyond algorithm predictions.
- Taxon
- tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- initial heat exposure (39°C or 42°C)e0
- Outcome
- emissions of approximately half of the targeted compoundse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- what was predicted by current BVOC emission temperature response algorithmse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“initial heat exposure (39°C or 42°C) increased the emissions of approximately half of the targeted compounds beyond what was predicted by current BVOC emission temperature response algorithms.”
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced emissions were sometimes transient, and some monoterpene emissions peaked near treatment end.
- Taxon
- tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- enhanced emissionse0
- Qualifier
- not always sustained for the entire duration of the heat stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The enhanced emissions were not always sustained for the entire duration of the heat stress and some plants exhibited a delayed monoterpene response, where emissions peaked toward the end of the heat treatment.”
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress increased methyl salicylate emissions initially in some plants.
- Taxon
- tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Heat stresse0
- Outcome
- methyl salicylate emissionse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- some plants (at least initially)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Heat stress increased methyl salicylate emissions in some plants (at least initially), but in others, emissions declined or did not change significantly.”
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
In other plants methyl salicylate emissions declined under heat stress.
- Taxon
- tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Heat stresse0
- Outcome
- methyl salicylate emissionse0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Qualifier
- in otherse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Heat stress increased methyl salicylate emissions in some plants (at least initially), but in others, emissions declined or did not change significantly.”
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
In some plants methyl salicylate emissions did not change significantly under heat stress.
- Taxon
- tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Heat stresse0
- Outcome
- methyl salicylate emissionse0
- Direction
- did not changee0
- Qualifier
- in otherse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Heat stress increased methyl salicylate emissions in some plants (at least initially), but in others, emissions declined or did not change significantly.”
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Gene expression magnitude was not significantly correlated with monoterpene or methyl salicylate emission induction.
- Taxon
- tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- gene expressione0
- Outcome
- emission induction of monoterpenes or methyl salicylatee0
- Direction
- no significant correlatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no significant correlation between the magnitude of gene expression and emission induction of monoterpenes or methyl salicylate.”
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Emitted monoterpenes showed no apparent light dependence.
- Taxon
- tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- did not exhibit any apparent light-dependent behaviore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the emitted monoterpenes did not exhibit any apparent light-dependent behavior”
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Methyl salicylate emissions showed both light-dependent and light-independent behavior.
- Taxon
- tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- both enzyme-controlled (i.e., light-dependent) and light-independent behaviorse0
- Qualifier
- appear to have contributions from both de novo synthesis and stored poolse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“methyl salicylate emissions appear to have contributions from both de novo synthesis and stored pools, as they showed both enzyme-controlled (i.e., light-dependent) and light-independent behaviors.”
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Most emitted BVOCs were present in foliar essential-oil storage pools.
- Taxon
- tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- foliare0
- Outcome
- most of the emitted BVOCs were also present in stored poolse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Analyses of the foliar essential oils demonstrate that most of the emitted BVOCs were also present in stored pools.”
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Storage pools could sustain unstressed emissions for days to months, and some for years.
- Taxon
- tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- sustain unstressed emission levelse0
- Value
- days to monthse0
- Qualifier
- even years for some compoundse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pool sizes were generally large enough to sustain unstressed emission levels for days to months, and even years for some compounds.”
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat-enhanced emissions could diminish some BVOC pools and subsequent emissions.
- Taxon
- tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- pool sizes of some BVOCse0
- Direction
- diminishe0
- Qualifier
- heat-induced emission enhancemente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“heat-induced emission enhancement can diminish the pool sizes of some BVOCs, which could decrease subsequent emissions.”
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings”
The same questions in other papers
heat · environment: emissions · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.