Abstract
Cold stress (CS) severely affects several physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms and limits the growth and production of rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.). Trehalose (Tre) acts as a growth modulator, which is extensively used to improve the tolerance to multiple plant stresses. Further, Tre also serves as an external force in inducing plant signaling molecules, regulating the expression of stress-responsive genes, and enhancing the CS tolerance in plants. Nevertheless, the importance of exogenous Tre in improving the CS tolerance in rapeseed is still unclear. Therefore, the current study was designed to get mechanistic insights into Tre-mediated CS tolerance in rapeseed seedlings. To explore the Tre role, we designed four treatments [control (CK), CK + 20 mM L –1 Tre, Cold, and Cold + 20 mM L –1 Tre] and three CS conditions (4, 0, and −4°C). The results showed that Tre treatments significantly mitigated the adverse effects of CS on the seedlings and increased the survival rate of Tre-treated seedlings under CS conditions. The exogenous Tre dramatically increased the contents of osmoprotectants, including the soluble sugar (SS), soluble protein (SP), and proline (Pro), and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were also increased under CS conditions. Additionally, Tre decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) contents to protect the rapeseed seedlings. Moreover, Tre also remarkably augmented the expression levels of antioxidant genes ( CAT12, POD34 , and FSD7 ), CS-responsive marker genes ( CBF1, CBF2, CBF4, COR6.6, COR15, COR25, COL1 , and KIN1 ), and Tre-biosynthesis genes ( TPS4, TPS8 , and TPS9 ). Briefly, exogenous Tre not only regulates the antioxidant and osmotic balance, but it also significantly participates in Tre metabolism and signaling network to improve the CS tolerance in rapeseed. Thus, Tre-induced supervisory connections between physiological or/and biochemical attributes provide information to dissect the mechanisms of Tre-mediated CS tolerance.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Tre treatments significantly mitigated the adverse effects of cold stress on rapeseed seedlings.
- Taxon
- Rapeseedt0
- Treatment
- Tre treatmentse1
- Outcome
- adverse effects of CS on the seedlingse1
- Direction
- mitigatede1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Tolerance in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Seedlings”
e1“Tre treatments significantly mitigated the adverse effects of CS on the seedlings and increased the survival rate of Tre-treated seedlings under CS conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Tre treatments increased the survival rate of seedlings under cold stress conditions.
- Taxon
- Rapeseedt0
- Treatment
- Tre treatmentse1
- Outcome
- survival rate of Tre-treated seedlingse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Setting
- CS conditionse1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Tolerance in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Seedlings”
e1“Tre treatments significantly mitigated the adverse effects of CS on the seedlings and increased the survival rate of Tre-treated seedlings under CS conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous Tre dramatically increased soluble sugar, soluble protein and proline contents.
- Taxon
- Rapeseedt0
- Treatment
- exogenous Tree2
- Outcome
- soluble sugar (SS), soluble protein (SP), and proline (Pro)e2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Tolerance in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Seedlings”
e2“The exogenous Tre dramatically increased the contents of osmoprotectants, including the soluble sugar (SS), soluble protein (SP), and proline (Pro)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under cold stress, Tre increased the activities of catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase.
- Taxon
- Rapeseedt0
- Treatment
- CS conditionse3
- Gene
- catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD)e3
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidant enzymese3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Tolerance in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Seedlings”
e3“the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were also increased under CS conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Under cold stress, Tre increased the activity of ascorbate peroxidase.
- Taxon
- Rapeseedt0
- Treatment
- CS conditionse3
- Gene
- ascorbate peroxidase (APX)e3
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidant enzymese3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Tolerance in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Seedlings”
e3“the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were also increased under CS conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Tre decreased malondialdehyde contents in rapeseed seedlings.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Tolerance in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Seedlings”
e4“Tre decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) contents to protect the rapeseed seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Tre augmented expression of antioxidant genes CAT12, POD34 and FSD7.
- Taxon
- Rapeseedt0
- Treatment
- Tree5
- Gene
- CAT12, POD34 , and FSD7e5
- Outcome
- expression levels of antioxidant genese5
- Direction
- augmentede5
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Tolerance in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Seedlings”
e5“Tre also remarkably augmented the expression levels of antioxidant genes ( CAT12, POD34 , and FSD7 ), CS-responsive marker genes ( CBF1, CBF2, CBF4, COR6.6, COR15, COR25, COL1 , and KIN1 ), and Tre-biosynthesis genes ( TPS4, TPS8 , and TPS9 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Tre augmented expression of CS-responsive marker genes CBF1, CBF2 and CBF4.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Tolerance in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Seedlings”
e5“Tre also remarkably augmented the expression levels of antioxidant genes ( CAT12, POD34 , and FSD7 ), CS-responsive marker genes ( CBF1, CBF2, CBF4, COR6.6, COR15, COR25, COL1 , and KIN1 ), and Tre-biosynthesis genes ( TPS4, TPS8 , and TPS9 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Tre augmented expression of CS-responsive marker genes COR6.6, COR15 and COR25.
- Taxon
- Rapeseedt0
- Treatment
- Tree5
- Gene
- COR6.6, COR15, COR25e5
- Outcome
- expression levelse5
- Direction
- augmentede5
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Tolerance in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Seedlings”
e5“Tre also remarkably augmented the expression levels of antioxidant genes ( CAT12, POD34 , and FSD7 ), CS-responsive marker genes ( CBF1, CBF2, CBF4, COR6.6, COR15, COR25, COL1 , and KIN1 ), and Tre-biosynthesis genes ( TPS4, TPS8 , and TPS9 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Tre augmented expression of CS-responsive marker genes COL1 and KIN1.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Tolerance in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Seedlings”
e5“Tre also remarkably augmented the expression levels of antioxidant genes ( CAT12, POD34 , and FSD7 ), CS-responsive marker genes ( CBF1, CBF2, CBF4, COR6.6, COR15, COR25, COL1 , and KIN1 ), and Tre-biosynthesis genes ( TPS4, TPS8 , and TPS9 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Tre augmented expression of Tre-biosynthesis genes TPS4, TPS8 and TPS9.
- Taxon
- Rapeseedt0
- Treatment
- Tree5
- Gene
- TPS4, TPS8 , and TPS9e5
- Outcome
- expression levelse5
- Direction
- augmentede5
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Tolerance in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Seedlings”
e5“Tre also remarkably augmented the expression levels of antioxidant genes ( CAT12, POD34 , and FSD7 ), CS-responsive marker genes ( CBF1, CBF2, CBF4, COR6.6, COR15, COR25, COL1 , and KIN1 ), and Tre-biosynthesis genes ( TPS4, TPS8 , and TPS9 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous Tre regulates the antioxidant and osmotic balance and Tre metabolism and signaling to improve cold stress tolerance in rapeseed.
Verbatim
t0“Tolerance in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Seedlings”
e6“Briefly, exogenous Tre not only regulates the antioxidant and osmotic balance, but it also significantly participates in Tre metabolism and signaling network to improve the CS tolerance in rapeseed”
The same questions in other papers
cold · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Results agree
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