Abstract
Silicon (Si) improves plant growth and development especially under stress conditions. Although Si alleviates growth suppression and deficiency symptoms of several nutrient disorders, underlying regulatory processes have remained indefinite. Here, we analyzed the impact of Si on nutritional, metabolic and transcriptional responses in roots and shoots of barley subjected to potassium (K) deficiency. On the long run, Si nutrition improved root and shoot growth as well as metabolite homeostasis and partly reverted the K deficiency signature of the transcriptome back to adequate only in fully expanded leaves but hardly in roots. In the short term, Si supply to K-starved roots enhanced first the expression of the vacuolar K exporter KCO1 together with root-to-shoot translocation rates of rubidium (Rb) that was used as tracer for K. The typical K deficiency response, marked by upregulation of the K importer genes HAK1 and AKT1, set in a few days later but then at several-fold higher levels. Lower root K and higher shoot K contents in Si-supplied plants indicated more efficient remobilization of root K pools and higher root-to-shoot translocation, which on the long run restored K-dependent metabolic processes in shoots for the sake of continued assimilate provision to roots. These results provide a sequence of physiological processes by which Si partially recovers plants from K deficiency and indicate that Si interferes with systemic K deficiency signaling in roots to alter the regulation of K transporters.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon improved barley root and shoot growth under potassium deficiency.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree1 - Treatment
- Si nutritione0
- Outcome
- root and shoot growthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Si nutrition improved root and shoot growth”
e1“barley subjected to potassium (K) deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon improved metabolite homeostasis under potassium deficiency.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- Si nutritione0
- Outcome
- metabolite homeostasise0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Si nutrition improved root and shoot growth as well as metabolite homeostasis”
e1“barley subjected to potassium (K) deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon partly reverted the potassium deficiency transcriptome signature in fully expanded leaves, but hardly in roots.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree2
- Organ / stage
- fully expanded leavese0
- Treatment
- Si nutritione1
- Outcome
- K deficiency signature of the transcriptomee0
- Direction
- revertede0
- Qualifier
- but hardly in rootse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“partly reverted the K deficiency signature of the transcriptome back to adequate only in fully expanded leaves but hardly in roots”
e1“Si nutrition improved”
e2“barley subjected to potassium (K) deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Short-term silicon supply enhanced KCO1 expression in potassium-starved roots.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Si supplye0
- Gene
- KCO1e0
- Outcome
- expression of the vacuolar K exporter KCO1e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Si supply to K-starved roots enhanced first the expression of the vacuolar K exporter KCO1”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Short-term silicon supply enhanced root-to-shoot rubidium translocation.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Si supplye0
- Outcome
- root-to-shoot translocation rates of rubidium (Rb)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Si supply to K-starved roots enhanced first the expression of the vacuolar K exporter KCO1 together with root-to-shoot translocation rates of rubidium (Rb)”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
HAK1 and AKT1 upregulation began a few days later in silicon-treated potassium-starved roots and reached several-fold higher levels.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree2
- Treatment
- Si supplye1
- Gene
- HAK1 and AKT1e0
- Outcome
- upregulation of the K importer genes HAK1 and AKT1e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- several-folde0
- Qualifier
- a few days latere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The typical K deficiency response, marked by upregulation of the K importer genes HAK1 and AKT1, set in a few days later but then at several-fold higher levels”
e1“Si supply to K-starved roots”
e2“barley subjected to potassium (K) deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon-supplied plants had lower root potassium content.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- Si-suppliede0
- Outcome
- root Ke0
- Direction
- Lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lower root K and higher shoot K contents in Si-supplied plants”
e1“barley subjected to potassium (K) deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon-supplied plants had higher shoot potassium content.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- Si-suppliede0
- Outcome
- shoot K contentse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lower root K and higher shoot K contents in Si-supplied plants”
e1“barley subjected to potassium (K) deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpreted silicon responses as more efficient root potassium remobilization and root-to-shoot transport.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree2
- Treatment
- Si-suppliede1
- Outcome
- remobilization of root K pools and higher root-to-shoot translocatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“indicated more efficient remobilization of root K pools and higher root-to-shoot translocation”
e1“Si-supplied plants”
e2“barley subjected to potassium (K) deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon restored potassium-dependent shoot metabolic processes in the long run.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree2
- Treatment
- Si-suppliede1
- Outcome
- K-dependent metabolic processes in shootse0
- Direction
- restorede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which on the long run restored K-dependent metabolic processes in shoots”
e1“Si-supplied plants”
e2“barley subjected to potassium (K) deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded silicon alters regulation of root potassium transporters through systemic deficiency signaling.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- Sie0
- Outcome
- regulation of K transporterse0
- Qualifier
- systemic K deficiency signaling in rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Si interferes with systemic K deficiency signaling in roots to alter the regulation of K transporters”
e1“barley subjected to potassium (K) deficiency”
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