Abstract
There is a growing demand for organically produced food, including basmati rice, worldwide and organic farming is continuously gaining importance. An experiment was conducted with an objective to study weed seedbank and its management with non-chemical weed management approaches including tillage, plant density and green manuring, in organically grown basmati rice. The two-year study was conducted at research farm of Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India during (rainy) Kharif season of 2017 and 2018. Tillage has differential effect on vertical weed seed distribution as the maximum number of seeds of Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd., Echinochloa colona (L.) Link, Trianthema portulacastrum L. and Cyperus iria L. in conventional tillage (CT) was observed in upper soil layer of 0–15 cm whereas in deep tillage (DT), most of weed seeds were displaced to deeper layer (15–30 cm). The lowest weed seedbank was observed with green manuring using sunhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) crop raised by sowing seed of at 50 kg/ha before the transplanting of basmati rice and incorporating sunhemp plants into soil at 40 days after seeding it). Integration of differential tillage, green manuring and increased rice plant density resulted in low biomass of Echinochloa colona and Eclipta alba than weedy check. Rice growth, yield attributes and grain yield were found statistically similar in non-chemical weed management treatments and conventional agriculture treatment.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage concentrated four weed species seeds in the upper soil layer.
- Taxon
- basmati ricet0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Treatment
- conventional tillage (CT)e0
- Interactor
- Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd.
Dactyloctenium aegyptiume0weed - Outcome
- maximum number of seedse0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Qualifier
- upper soil layer of 0–15 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“basmati rice”
e0“the maximum number of seeds of Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd., Echinochloa colona (L.) Link, Trianthema portulacastrum L. and Cyperus iria L. in conventional tillage (CT) was observed in upper soil layer of 0–15 cm”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep tillage displaced most weed seeds into the deeper 15–30 cm layer.
- Taxon
- basmati ricet0
- Treatment
- deep tillage (DT)e0
- Outcome
- weed seedse0
- Direction
- displaced to deepere0
- Qualifier
- deeper layer (15–30 cm)e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“basmati rice”
e0“in deep tillage (DT), most of weed seeds were displaced to deeper layer (15–30 cm)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunhemp green manuring yielded the lowest weed seedbank before rice transplanting.
- Taxon
- basmati ricet0
- Treatment
- green manuring using sunhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.)e0
- Outcome
- weed seedbanke0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Qualifier
- before the transplanting of basmati ricee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“basmati rice”
e0“The lowest weed seedbank was observed with green manuring using sunhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) crop raised by sowing seed of at 50 kg/ha before the transplanting of basmati rice and incorporating sunhemp plants into soil at 40 days after seeding it)”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated tillage, green manuring, and higher rice density lowered Echinochloa colona biomass against the weedy check.
- Taxon
- basmati ricet0
- Treatment
- Integration of differential tillage, green manuring and increased rice plant densitye0
- Interactor
- Echinochloa colona
Echinochloa colonae0weed - Outcome
- biomass of Echinochloa colonae0
- Direction
- lowe0
- Comparator
- weedy checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“basmati rice”
e0“Integration of differential tillage, green manuring and increased rice plant density resulted in low biomass of Echinochloa colona and Eclipta alba than weedy check.”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated tillage, green manuring, and higher rice density lowered Eclipta alba biomass against the weedy check.
- Taxon
- basmati ricet0
- Treatment
- Integration of differential tillage, green manuring and increased rice plant densitye0
- Interactor
- Eclipta alba
.jpg?width=60)
Eclipta albae0weed - Outcome
- biomass of Echinochloa colona and Eclipta albae0
- Direction
- lowe0
- Comparator
- weedy checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“basmati rice”
e0“Integration of differential tillage, green manuring and increased rice plant density resulted in low biomass of Echinochloa colona and Eclipta alba than weedy check.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice growth, yield attributes, and grain yield were statistically similar under nonchemical weed management and conventional agriculture.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- non-chemical weed management treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Rice growth, yield attributes and grain yielde0
- Direction
- statistically similare0
- Comparator
- conventional agriculture treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice growth, yield attributes and grain yield were found statistically similar in non-chemical weed management treatments and conventional agriculture treatment.”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.