Abstract
Gibberellic acid (GA) and jasmonic acid (JA) are considered to be endogenous regulators that play a vital role in regulating plant responses to stress conditions. This study investigated the ameliorative role of GA, JA, and the GA + JA mixture in mitigating the detrimental effect of salinity on the summer squash plant. In order to explore the physiological mechanisms of salt stress alleviation carried out by exogenous GA and JA, seed priming with 1.5 mM GA, 0.005 mM JA, and their mixture was performed; then the germinated summer squash seedlings were exposed to 50 mM NaCl. The results showed that a 50 mM NaCl treatment significantly reduced shoot and root fresh and dry weight, water content (%), the concentration of carotenoid (Car), nucleic acids, K+, and Mg++, the K+/Na+ ratio, and the activity of catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), while it increased the concentration of proline, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), Na+, and Cl− in summer squash plants, when compared with the control. However, seed priming with GA, JA and the GA + JA mixture significantly improved summer squash salt tolerance by reducing the concentration of Na+ and Cl−, TBARS, and the Chl a/b ratio and by increasing the activity of superoxide dismutase, CAT, and APX, the quantities of K+ and Mg++, the K+/Na+ ratio, and the quantities of RNA, DNA, chlorophyll b, and Car, which, in turn, ameliorated the growth of salinized plants. These findings suggest that GA and JA are able to efficiently defend summer squash plants from salinity destruction by adjusting nutrient uptake and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes in order to decrease reactive oxygen species accumulation due to salinity stress; these findings offer a practical intervention for summer squash cultivation in salt-affected soils. Synergistic effects of the GA and JA combination were not clearly observed, and JA alleviated most of the studied traits associated with salinity stress induced in summer squash more efficiently than GA or the GA + JA mixture.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
A 50 mM NaCl treatment significantly reduced shoot and root fresh and dry weight of summer squash compared with the control.
Verbatim
t0“Summer Squash”
e0“a 50 mM NaCl treatment significantly reduced”
e1“shoot and root fresh and dry weight”
e2“when compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
A 50 mM NaCl treatment significantly reduced water content (%) of summer squash compared with the control.
Verbatim
t0“Summer Squash”
e0“a 50 mM NaCl treatment significantly reduced”
e1“water content (%)”
e2“when compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
A 50 mM NaCl treatment significantly reduced carotenoid and nucleic acid concentrations in summer squash compared with the control.
Verbatim
t0“Summer Squash”
e0“a 50 mM NaCl treatment significantly reduced”
e1“the concentration of carotenoid (Car), nucleic acids”
e2“when compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
A 50 mM NaCl treatment significantly reduced K+, Mg++ and the K+/Na+ ratio in summer squash compared with the control.
Verbatim
t0“Summer Squash”
e0“a 50 mM NaCl treatment significantly reduced”
e1“K+, and Mg++, the K+/Na+ ratio”
e2“when compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
A 50 mM NaCl treatment significantly reduced catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activity in summer squash compared with the control.
Verbatim
t0“Summer Squash”
e0“a 50 mM NaCl treatment significantly reduced”
e1“the activity of catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)”
e2“when compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
A 50 mM NaCl treatment increased proline and TBARS concentrations in summer squash compared with the control.
Verbatim
t0“Summer Squash”
e0“a 50 mM NaCl treatment”
e1“it increased the concentration of proline, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)”
e2“when compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
A 50 mM NaCl treatment increased Na+ and Cl- concentrations in summer squash plants compared with the control.
Verbatim
t0“Summer Squash”
e0“a 50 mM NaCl treatment”
e1“it increased the concentration of proline, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), Na+, and Cl− in summer squash plants”
e2“when compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed priming with GA, JA and their mixture significantly improved summer squash salt tolerance by reducing Na+ and Cl- concentrations.
- Taxon
- Summer Squasht0
- Treatment
- seed priming with GA, JA and the GA + JA mixturee0
- Outcome
- concentration of Na+ and Cl−e2
- Direction
- reducinge1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Summer Squash”
e0“seed priming with GA, JA and the GA + JA mixture”
e1“by reducing”
e2“the concentration of Na+ and Cl−”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed priming with GA, JA and their mixture significantly reduced TBARS and the Chl a/b ratio in salinized summer squash.
- Taxon
- Summer Squasht0
- Treatment
- seed priming with GA, JA and the GA + JA mixturee0
- Outcome
- TBARS, and the Chl a/b ratioe2
- Direction
- reducinge1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Summer Squash”
e0“seed priming with GA, JA and the GA + JA mixture”
e1“by reducing”
e2“TBARS, and the Chl a/b ratio”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed priming with GA, JA and their mixture significantly increased superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activity in salinized summer squash.
- Taxon
- Summer Squasht0
- Treatment
- seed priming with GA, JA and the GA + JA mixturee0
- Outcome
- activity of superoxide dismutase, CAT, and APXe2
- Direction
- increasinge1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Summer Squash”
e0“seed priming with GA, JA and the GA + JA mixture”
e1“by increasing”
e2“the activity of superoxide dismutase, CAT, and APX”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed priming with GA, JA and their mixture significantly increased K+ and Mg++ quantities and the K+/Na+ ratio in salinized summer squash.
- Taxon
- Summer Squasht0
- Treatment
- seed priming with GA, JA and the GA + JA mixturee0
- Outcome
- quantities of K+ and Mg++, the K+/Na+ ratioe2
- Direction
- increasinge1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Summer Squash”
e0“seed priming with GA, JA and the GA + JA mixture”
e1“by increasing”
e2“the quantities of K+ and Mg++, the K+/Na+ ratio”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed priming with GA, JA and their mixture significantly increased RNA and DNA quantities in salinized summer squash.
- Taxon
- Summer Squasht0
- Treatment
- seed priming with GA, JA and the GA + JA mixturee0
- Outcome
- quantities of RNA, DNAe2
- Direction
- increasinge1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Summer Squash”
e0“seed priming with GA, JA and the GA + JA mixture”
e1“by increasing”
e2“the quantities of RNA, DNA”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed priming with GA, JA and their mixture significantly increased chlorophyll b and carotenoid quantities in salinized summer squash.
- Taxon
- Summer Squasht0
- Treatment
- seed priming with GA, JA and the GA + JA mixturee0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll b, and Care2
- Direction
- increasinge1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Summer Squash”
e0“seed priming with GA, JA and the GA + JA mixture”
e1“by increasing”
e2“chlorophyll b, and Car”
Claim · model-written summary
The GA, JA and GA + JA priming effects ameliorated the growth of salinized summer squash plants.
- Taxon
- Summer Squasht0
- Treatment
- seed priming with GA, JA and the GA + JA mixturee0
- Outcome
- growth of salinized plantse1
- Direction
- amelioratede1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Summer Squash”
e0“seed priming with GA, JA and the GA + JA mixture”
e1“ameliorated the growth of salinized plants”
Claim · model-written summary
JA alleviated most of the studied salinity-stress traits in summer squash more efficiently than GA or the GA + JA mixture.
Verbatim
e0“JA alleviated most of the studied traits associated with salinity stress induced in summer squash more efficiently than GA or the GA + JA mixture”
Claim · model-written summary
Synergistic effects of the GA and JA combination were not clearly observed in salinized summer squash.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
t0“Summer Squash”
e0“Synergistic effects of the GA and JA combination were not clearly observed”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.