Abstract
Global seed vaults are important, as they conserve plant genetic resources for future breeding to improve crop yield and quality and to overcome biotic and abiotic stresses. However, little is known about the impact of standard storage procedures, such as seed drying and cold storage on the seed bacterial community, and the ability to recover seed-associated bacteria after storage. In this study, soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds were analyzed to characterize changes in the bacterial community composition and culturability under varying storage conditions. The G. max bacterial microbiome was analyzed from undried seed, dried seed, and seed stored for 0, 3, 6, and 14months. Storage temperatures consisted of −20°C, 4°C, and room temperature (RT), with −20°C being commonly used in seed storage vaults globally. The seed microbiome of G. max was dominated by Gammaproteobacteria under all conditions. Undried seed was dominated by Pantoea (33.9%) and Pseudomonas (51.1%); however, following drying, the abundance of Pseudomonas declined significantly (0.9%), Pantoea increased significantly (73.6%), and four genera previously identified including Pajaroellobacter , Nesterenkonia , env.OPS_17, and Acidibacter were undetectable. Subsequent storage at RT, 4, or −20°C maintained high-abundance Genera at the majority of time points, although RT caused greater fluctuations in abundances. For many of the low-abundance Genera, storage at −20°C resulted in their gradual disappearance, whereas storage at 4°C or RT resulted in their more rapid disappearance. The changes in seed bacterial composition were reflected by cultured bacterial taxa obtained from the stored G. max seed. The main taxa were largely culturable and had similar relative abundance, while many, but not all, of the low-abundance taxa were also culturable. Overall, these results indicate that the initial seed drying affects the seed bacterial composition, suggesting that microbial isolation prior to seed drying is recommended to conserve these microbes. The standard seed storage condition of −20°C is most suitable for conservation of the bacterial seed microbiome, as this storage temperature slows down the loss of seed bacterial diversity over longer time periods, particularly low-abundance taxa.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Gammaproteobacteria dominated the soybean seed microbiome under all conditions.
- Taxon
- G. max
Glycine maxe0 - Organ / stage
- seede0
- Interactor
- GammaproteobacteriaGammaproteobacteriae0other
- Outcome
- dominated by Gammaproteobacteriae0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The seed microbiome of G. max was dominated by Gammaproteobacteria under all conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Undried soybean seeds were dominated by Pantoea at 33.9%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- Undried seede0
- Outcome
- dominated by Pantoeae0
- Value
- 33.9%e0
.jpg?width=60){kind=small}
PantoeaNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Undried seed was dominated by Pantoea (33.9%) and Pseudomonas (51.1%)”
t0“Seed Bacterial Microbiomes”
e1“soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds were analyzed”
e2“following drying”
Claim · model-written summary
Undried soybean seeds were dominated by Pseudomonas at 51.1%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- Undried seede0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas
Pseudomonase0other - Outcome
- Pseudomonase0
- Value
- 51.1%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Undried seed was dominated by Pantoea (33.9%) and Pseudomonas (51.1%)”
t0“Seed Bacterial Microbiomes”
e1“soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds were analyzed”
e2“following drying”
Claim · model-written summary
Drying significantly reduced seed Pseudomonas abundance to 0.9%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- dryinge0
- Interactor
- PseudomonasPseudomonase0other
- Outcome
- abundance of Pseudomonase0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Value
- 0.9%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“following drying, the abundance of Pseudomonas declined significantly (0.9%)”
t0“Seed Bacterial Microbiomes”
e1“soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds were analyzed”
e2“following drying”
Claim · model-written summary
Drying significantly increased seed Pantoea abundance to 73.6%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“following drying, the abundance of Pseudomonas declined significantly (0.9%), Pantoea increased significantly (73.6%)”
t0“Seed Bacterial Microbiomes”
e1“soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds were analyzed”
e2“following drying”
Claim · model-written summary
Four previously identified genera became undetectable after drying.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- dryinge2
- Outcome
- Pajaroellobacter , Nesterenkonia , env.OPS_17, and Acidibacter were undetectablee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“four genera previously identified including Pajaroellobacter , Nesterenkonia , env.OPS_17, and Acidibacter were undetectable”
t0“Seed Bacterial Microbiomes”
e1“soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds were analyzed”
e2“following drying”
Claim · model-written summary
Storage at room temperature caused greater fluctuations in abundant seed genera.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- RTe0
- Outcome
- fluctuations in abundancese0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RT caused greater fluctuations in abundances”
t0“Seed Bacterial Microbiomes”
e1“soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds were analyzed”
e2“following drying”
Claim · model-written summary
At −20°C low-abundance genera disappeared gradually.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- storage at −20°Ce0
- Outcome
- gradual disappearancee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“storage at −20°C resulted in their gradual disappearance”
t0“Seed Bacterial Microbiomes”
e1“soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds were analyzed”
e2“following drying”
Claim · model-written summary
At 4°C or room temperature low-abundance genera disappeared more rapidly than at −20°C.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- storage at 4°C or RTe0
- Outcome
- disappearancee0
- Direction
- more rapide0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“storage at 4°C or RT resulted in their more rapid disappearance”
t0“Seed Bacterial Microbiomes”
e1“soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds were analyzed”
e2“following drying”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultured taxa reflected changes in soybean seed bacterial composition.
- Taxon
- G. maxGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- changes in seed bacterial composition were reflected by cultured bacterial taxae0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The changes in seed bacterial composition were reflected by cultured bacterial taxa obtained from the stored G. max seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Main seed bacterial taxa remained largely culturable with similar relative abundances.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- largely culturable and had similar relative abundancee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The main taxa were largely culturable and had similar relative abundance”
t0“Seed Bacterial Microbiomes”
e1“soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds were analyzed”
e2“following drying”
Claim · model-written summary
Many low-abundance seed bacterial taxa remained culturable, though some did not.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- low-abundance taxa were also culturablee0
- Qualifier
- many, but not alle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“many, but not all, of the low-abundance taxa were also culturable”
t0“Seed Bacterial Microbiomes”
e1“soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds were analyzed”
e2“following drying”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend isolating seed microbes before drying to conserve them.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- microbial isolation prior to seed dryinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“microbial isolation prior to seed drying is recommended to conserve these microbes”
t0“Seed Bacterial Microbiomes”
e1“soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds were analyzed”
e2“following drying”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors judge −20°C most suitable for conserving the seed microbiome over longer storage periods.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- standard seed storage condition of −20°Ce0
- Qualifier
- over longer time periods, particularly low-abundance taxae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The standard seed storage condition of −20°C is most suitable for conservation of the bacterial seed microbiome, as this storage temperature slows down the loss of seed bacterial diversity over longer time periods, particularly low-abundance taxa”
t0“Seed Bacterial Microbiomes”
e1“soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds were analyzed”
e2“following drying”
The same questions in other papers
processing · organism · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.