Abstract
Aluminium phytotoxicity is considered the main limiting factor for crop productivity in agricultural acid soils. Liming is a common practice used to improve acidic soil properties, but an appropriate liming material is essential for both agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability. A long-term field experiment with two liming amendments (dolomitic limestone and limestone) was developed during 10 years to determine the changes in soil acidity and assess the effects on crop (rye) yields. Although the adverse effects of the soil acidity conditions were alleviated with both amendments tested, dolomitic limestone was the most effective in the short- and long-term period. In terms of the saturation of exchange complex, dolomitic limestone had a better efficiency, likely based on its rate of dissolution. No significant changes in soil organic matter and exchangeable potassium levels between the treatments tested were found. Both liming materials significantly increased the rye total biomass, but interestingly, significant correlations were showed between tissue levels of magnesium and biomass production, but not between the latter and calcium. The increases in rye biomass production compared with control soils at the end of the research were the following: dolomitic limestone, 47%, and limestone, 32%. A link between an increase in magnesium bioavailability and biomass production was found, as well as between magnesium rye content and total, spike and stem biomass. Hence, it could conceivably be hypothesized that since magnesium is crucial for the transport of assimilates from source leaves to sink organs, alleviating its deficiency leads to avoiding the reducing growth rate of sink organs. Although further investigations are needed to gain a better understanding of liming on the biological, chemical and physical soil properties in the long term, our research provides support for the conceptual premise that an appropriate selection of liming material is crucial for the productivity of acid soils.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Both liming amendments alleviated adverse soil acidity.
- Taxon
- rye
Secale cerealee2 - Treatment
- two liming amendments (dolomitic limestone and limestone)e1
- Outcome
- adverse effects of the soil acidity conditionse0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the adverse effects of the soil acidity conditions were alleviated with both amendments tested”
e1“two liming amendments (dolomitic limestone and limestone)”
e2“crop (rye) yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Dolomitic limestone was most effective in the short and long term.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealee1
- Treatment
- dolomitic limestonee0
- Outcome
- most effectivee0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dolomitic limestone was the most effective in the short- and long-term period”
e1“crop (rye) yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Dolomitic limestone had better efficiency for exchange-complex saturation.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealee1
- Treatment
- dolomitic limestonee0
- Outcome
- saturation of exchange complexe0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Qualifier
- likely based on its rate of dissolutione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In terms of the saturation of exchange complex, dolomitic limestone had a better efficiency, likely based on its rate of dissolution”
e1“crop (rye) yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil organic matter did not differ significantly between liming treatments.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealee1
- Treatment
- treatments testede0
- Outcome
- soil organic mattere0
- Direction
- No significant changese0
- Comparator
- between the treatments testede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No significant changes in soil organic matter and exchangeable potassium levels between the treatments tested were found”
e1“crop (rye) yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Exchangeable potassium did not differ significantly between liming treatments.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealee1
- Treatment
- treatments testede0
- Outcome
- exchangeable potassium levelse0
- Direction
- No significant changese0
- Comparator
- between the treatments testede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No significant changes in soil organic matter and exchangeable potassium levels between the treatments tested were found”
e1“crop (rye) yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Both liming materials significantly increased total rye biomass.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealee0
- Treatment
- Both liming materialse0
- Outcome
- rye total biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both liming materials significantly increased the rye total biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Rye tissue magnesium correlated significantly with biomass production.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealee1
- Compound
- magnesiume0
- Outcome
- biomass productione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant correlations were showed between tissue levels of magnesium and biomass production”
e1“crop (rye) yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium tissue levels did not correlate significantly with biomass production.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealee2
- Compound
- calciume0
- Outcome
- biomass productione1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but not between the latter and calcium”
e1“significant correlations were showed between tissue levels of magnesium and biomass production”
e2“crop (rye) yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Dolomitic limestone increased rye biomass by 47% over control soil at the end of the study.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealee0
- Treatment
- dolomitic limestonee0
- Outcome
- rye biomass productione0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 47%e0
- Comparator
- control soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increases in rye biomass production compared with control soils at the end of the research were the following: dolomitic limestone, 47%, and limestone, 32%”
Claim · model-written summary
Limestone increased rye biomass by 32% over control soil at the end of the study.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealee0
- Treatment
- limestonee0
- Outcome
- rye biomass productione0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 32%e0
- Comparator
- control soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increases in rye biomass production compared with control soils at the end of the research were the following: dolomitic limestone, 47%, and limestone, 32%”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater magnesium bioavailability was linked to biomass production.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealee1
- Compound
- magnesiume0
- Outcome
- biomass productione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A link between an increase in magnesium bioavailability and biomass production was found”
e1“crop (rye) yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Rye magnesium content was linked to total, spike and stem biomass.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealee0
- Compound
- magnesiume0
- Outcome
- total, spike and stem biomasse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“between magnesium rye content and total, spike and stem biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors hypothesize that correcting magnesium deficiency prevents reduced sink-organ growth through assimilate transport.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealee1
- Compound
- magnesiume0
- Outcome
- reducing growth rate of sink organse0
- Qualifier
- transport of assimilates from source leaves to sink organse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it could conceivably be hypothesized that since magnesium is crucial for the transport of assimilates from source leaves to sink organs, alleviating its deficiency leads to avoiding the reducing growth rate of sink organs”
e1“crop (rye) yields”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that selecting an appropriate liming material is crucial for productivity of acid soils.
- Taxon
- ryeSecale cerealee1
- Outcome
- appropriate selection of liming materiale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an appropriate selection of liming material is crucial for the productivity of acid soils”
e1“crop (rye) yields”
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.