Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), forming symbiosis with most terrestrial plants, strongly modulates root system architecture (RSA), which is the main characteristic of root in soil, to improve plant growth and development. So far, the studies of AMF on tea plant seedlings are few and the relevant molecular mechanism is not deciphered. In this study, the 6-month-old cutting seedlings of tea plant cultivar “Wancha No.4” were inoculated with an AMF isolate, Rhizophagus intraradices BGC JX04B and harvested after 6 months of growth. The indexes of RSA and sugar contents in root were determined. The transcriptome data in root tips of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal cutting seedlings were obtained by RNA-sequence (Seq) analysis. The results showed that AMF significantly decreased plant growth, but increased the sucrose content in root and the higher classes of lateral root (LR) formation (third and fourth LR). We identified 2047 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) based on the transcriptome data, and DEGs involved in metabolisms of phosphorus (42 DEGs), sugar (39), lipid (67), and plant hormones (39) were excavated out. Variation partitioning analysis showed all these four categories modulated the RSA. In phosphorus (P) metabolism, the phosphate transport and release (DEGs related to purple acid phosphatase) were promoted by AMF inoculation, while DEGs of sugar transport protein in sugar metabolism were downregulated. Lipid metabolism might not be responsible for root branching but for AMF propagation. With respect to phytohormones, DEGs of auxin (13), ethylene (14), and abscisic acid (5) were extensively affected by AMF inoculation, especially for auxin and ethylene. The further partial least squares structural equation modeling analysis indicated that pathways of P metabolism and auxin, as well as the direct way of AMF inoculation, were of the most important in AMF promoting root branching, while ethylene performed a negative role. Overall, our data revealed the alterations of genome-wide gene expression in tea plant roots after inoculation with AMF and provided a molecular basis for the regulatory mechanism of RSA (mainly root branching) changes induced by AMF.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation significantly decreased plant growth of tea seedlings compared with non-mycorrhizal seedlings.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensis L.
Camellia sinensist0 - Treatment
- AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- non-mycorrhizal cutting seedlingse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that AMF significantly decreased plant growth, but increased the sucrose content in root and the higher classes of lateral root (LR) formation (third and fourth LR)”
e1“non-mycorrhizal cutting seedlings”
t0“Camellia sinensis L.”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation increased the sucrose content in root of tea seedlings compared with non-mycorrhizal seedlings.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensis L.Camellia sinensist0
- Treatment
- AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- sucrose content in roote0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- non-mycorrhizal cutting seedlingse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that AMF significantly decreased plant growth, but increased the sucrose content in root and the higher classes of lateral root (LR) formation (third and fourth LR)”
e1“non-mycorrhizal cutting seedlings”
t0“Camellia sinensis L.”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation increased the higher classes of lateral root formation (third and fourth LR) in tea seedlings compared with non-mycorrhizal seedlings.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensis L.Camellia sinensist0
- Treatment
- AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- higher classes of lateral root (LR) formation (third and fourth LR)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- non-mycorrhizal cutting seedlingse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that AMF significantly decreased plant growth, but increased the sucrose content in root and the higher classes of lateral root (LR) formation (third and fourth LR)”
e1“non-mycorrhizal cutting seedlings”
t0“Camellia sinensis L.”
Claim · model-written summary
RNA-seq of root tips identified 2047 differentially expressed genes between mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal tea seedlings.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensis L.Camellia sinensist0
- Outcome
- differentially expressed genes (DEGs)e2
- Value
- 2047e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“We identified 2047 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) based on the transcriptome data”
t0“Camellia sinensis L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Of the DEGs, 42 were involved in phosphorus metabolism.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensis L.Camellia sinensist0
- Outcome
- phosphoruse0
- Value
- 42 DEGse0
- Qualifier
- DEGs involved in metabolismse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DEGs involved in metabolisms of phosphorus (42 DEGs), sugar (39), lipid (67), and plant hormones (39) were excavated out”
t0“Camellia sinensis L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Of the DEGs, 39 were involved in sugar metabolism.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensis L.Camellia sinensist0
- Outcome
- sugare0
- Value
- 39e0
- Qualifier
- DEGs involved in metabolismse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DEGs involved in metabolisms of phosphorus (42 DEGs), sugar (39), lipid (67), and plant hormones (39) were excavated out”
t0“Camellia sinensis L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Of the DEGs, 67 were involved in lipid metabolism.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensis L.Camellia sinensist0
- Outcome
- lipide0
- Value
- 67e0
- Qualifier
- DEGs involved in metabolismse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DEGs involved in metabolisms of phosphorus (42 DEGs), sugar (39), lipid (67), and plant hormones (39) were excavated out”
t0“Camellia sinensis L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Of the DEGs, 39 were involved in plant hormone metabolism.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensis L.Camellia sinensist0
- Outcome
- plant hormonese0
- Value
- 39e0
- Qualifier
- DEGs involved in metabolismse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DEGs involved in metabolisms of phosphorus (42 DEGs), sugar (39), lipid (67), and plant hormones (39) were excavated out”
t0“Camellia sinensis L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Variation partitioning analysis showed that the phosphorus, sugar, lipid and plant hormone DEG categories all modulated root system architecture.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensis L.Camellia sinensist0
- Outcome
- RSAe3
- Qualifier
- all these four categories modulatede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Variation partitioning analysis showed all these four categories modulated the RSA”
t0“Camellia sinensis L.”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation promoted phosphate transport and release (DEGs related to purple acid phosphatase) in tea roots.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensis L.Camellia sinensist0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione4
- Gene
- purple acid phosphatasee4
- Outcome
- phosphate transport and releasee4
- Direction
- promotede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“the phosphate transport and release (DEGs related to purple acid phosphatase) were promoted by AMF inoculation, while DEGs of sugar transport protein in sugar metabolism were downregulated”
t0“Camellia sinensis L.”
Claim · model-written summary
DEGs of sugar transport protein in sugar metabolism were downregulated in AMF-inoculated tea roots.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensis L.Camellia sinensist0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione4
- Gene
- sugar transport proteine4
- Outcome
- DEGs of sugar transport proteine4
- Direction
- downregulatede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“the phosphate transport and release (DEGs related to purple acid phosphatase) were promoted by AMF inoculation, while DEGs of sugar transport protein in sugar metabolism were downregulated”
t0“Camellia sinensis L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lipid metabolism might not be responsible for root branching but for AMF propagation.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensis L.Camellia sinensist0
- Outcome
- root branchinge5
- Qualifier
- might not be responsiblee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Lipid metabolism might not be responsible for root branching but for AMF propagation”
t0“Camellia sinensis L.”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation extensively affected 13 auxin-related DEGs in tea roots.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensis L.Camellia sinensist0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione0
- Outcome
- DEGs of auxine0
- Value
- 13e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DEGs of auxin (13), ethylene (14), and abscisic acid (5) were extensively affected by AMF inoculation”
t0“Camellia sinensis L.”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation extensively affected 14 ethylene-related DEGs in tea roots.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensis L.Camellia sinensist0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione0
- Outcome
- ethylenee0
- Value
- 14e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DEGs of auxin (13), ethylene (14), and abscisic acid (5) were extensively affected by AMF inoculation”
t0“Camellia sinensis L.”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation extensively affected 5 abscisic acid-related DEGs in tea roots.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensis L.Camellia sinensist0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione0
- Outcome
- abscisic acide0
- Value
- 5e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DEGs of auxin (13), ethylene (14), and abscisic acid (5) were extensively affected by AMF inoculation”
t0“Camellia sinensis L.”
Claim · model-written summary
PLS structural equation modeling indicated that P metabolism and auxin pathways and the direct way of AMF inoculation were most important in AMF promoting root branching.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensis L.Camellia sinensist0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione6
- Outcome
- root branchinge6
- Qualifier
- pathways of P metabolism and auxine6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“pathways of P metabolism and auxin, as well as the direct way of AMF inoculation, were of the most important in AMF promoting root branching”
t0“Camellia sinensis L.”
Claim · model-written summary
In the structural equation model, ethylene performed a negative role in AMF-promoted root branching.
- Taxon
- Camellia sinensis L.Camellia sinensist0
- Compound
- ethylenee7
- Outcome
- negative rolee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“while ethylene performed a negative role”
t0“Camellia sinensis L.”
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