Abstract
Germination tests and pot experiments were conducted to explore the allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts of S. nigrum on germination, growth and yield of Vicia faba (L.) and Phaseolus vulgaris (L.). Ten treatments including control were prepared by using extracts obtained from different parts of S. nigrum, including roots, leaves, and seeds at 3 concentrations (10, 40, and 60%) to conduct the germination test. The pot experiment was studied by incorporating powder of different plant parts into the soil at 3 concentrations (0.5, 1, and 1.5%). The results of the germination test revealed that the aqueous extracts of roots and leaves significantly reduced germination percentage, radicle, and plumule length of both beans. There was a direct negative relationship between germination test and the plant parts used, including their concentrations. However, seed extract showed a non-significant difference (p > 0.05). In the pot experiment, different powders of black nightshade incorporated into the soil decrease plant height, root length, fresh and dry weights. However, the number of leaves was not affected. Also, yield components were decreased with the highest concentrations used. The reduction of germination, growth, and yield of the broad and common beans increased with higher concentrations of root and leaf aqueous extracts, while that of seeds had limited effect. The strongest allelopathic effect of broad and common beans was caused by root extracts of the highest concentration.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Roots extract of S. nigrum reduced germination and early root and shoot length in Vicia faba.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba
Vicia fabat0 - Treatment
- rootse0
- Interactor
- S. nigrume1weed
- Outcome
- germination percentage, radicle, and plumule lengthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“aqueous extracts of roots and leaves significantly reduced germination percentage, radicle, and plumule length of both beans”
t0“BROAD BEAN (VICIA FABA L.) AND COMMON BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.)”
e1“extracts of S. nigrum”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaves extract of S. nigrum reduced germination and early root and shoot length in Vicia faba.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- leavese0
- Interactor
- S. nigrume1weed
- Outcome
- germination percentage, radicle, and plumule lengthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“aqueous extracts of roots and leaves significantly reduced germination percentage, radicle, and plumule length of both beans”
t0“BROAD BEAN (VICIA FABA L.) AND COMMON BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.)”
e1“extracts of S. nigrum”
Claim · model-written summary
Black nightshade powder decreased height, root length and biomass in Vicia faba.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- different powders of black nightshade incorporated into the soile0
- Interactor
- black nightshade
_Solanum_nigrum_3.jpg?width=60)
Solanum nigrume0weed - Outcome
- plant height, root length, fresh and dry weightse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Solanum_nigrum_3.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“different powders of black nightshade incorporated into the soil decrease plant height, root length, fresh and dry weights”
t0“BROAD BEAN (VICIA FABA L.) AND COMMON BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Black nightshade powder decreased height, root length and biomass in Vicia faba.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- different powders of black nightshade incorporated into the soile0
- Interactor
- black nightshadeSolanum nigrume0weed
- Outcome
- plant height, root length, fresh and dry weightse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“different powders of black nightshade incorporated into the soil decrease plant height, root length, fresh and dry weights”
t0“BROAD BEAN (VICIA FABA L.) AND COMMON BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed extract did not significantly alter germination test results for Vicia faba.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- seed extracte0
- Interactor
- S. nigrume2weed
- Outcome
- germinatione2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed extract showed a non-significant difference (p > 0.05)”
t0“BROAD BEAN (VICIA FABA L.) AND COMMON BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.)”
e1“to conduct the germination test”
e2“aqueous extracts of S. nigrum on germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Black nightshade powder did not affect leaf number in Vicia faba.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- black nightshadee1
- Interactor
- black nightshadeSolanum nigrume1weed
- Outcome
- number of leavese0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the number of leaves was not affected”
t0“BROAD BEAN (VICIA FABA L.) AND COMMON BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.)”
e1“black nightshade incorporated into the soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield components decreased at the highest powder concentrations in Vicia faba.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- highest concentrations usede0
- Interactor
- black nightshadeSolanum nigrume1weed
- Outcome
- yield componentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield components were decreased with the highest concentrations used”
t0“BROAD BEAN (VICIA FABA L.) AND COMMON BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.)”
e1“black nightshade incorporated into the soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher root and leaf extract concentrations increased suppression of germination, growth and yield in Vicia faba.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- higher concentrations of root and leaf aqueous extractse0
- Interactor
- S. nigrume1weed
- Outcome
- reduction of germination, growth, and yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The reduction of germination, growth, and yield of the broad and common beans increased with higher concentrations of root and leaf aqueous extracts”
t0“BROAD BEAN (VICIA FABA L.) AND COMMON BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.)”
e1“extracts of S. nigrum”
Claim · model-written summary
The strongest allelopathic effect in Vicia faba came from the highest concentration root extract.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- root extracts of the highest concentratione0
- Interactor
- S. nigrume1weed
- Outcome
- strongest allelopathic effecte0
- Direction
- strongeste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The strongest allelopathic effect of broad and common beans was caused by root extracts of the highest concentration”
t0“BROAD BEAN (VICIA FABA L.) AND COMMON BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.)”
e1“extracts of S. nigrum”
Claim · model-written summary
Roots extract of S. nigrum reduced germination and early root and shoot length in Phaseolus vulgaris.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Treatment
- rootse0
- Interactor
- S. nigrume1weed
- Outcome
- germination percentage, radicle, and plumule lengthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“aqueous extracts of roots and leaves significantly reduced germination percentage, radicle, and plumule length of both beans”
t0“BROAD BEAN (VICIA FABA L.) AND COMMON BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.)”
e1“extracts of S. nigrum”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaves extract of S. nigrum reduced germination and early root and shoot length in Phaseolus vulgaris.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- leavese0
- Interactor
- S. nigrume1weed
- Outcome
- germination percentage, radicle, and plumule lengthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“aqueous extracts of roots and leaves significantly reduced germination percentage, radicle, and plumule length of both beans”
t0“BROAD BEAN (VICIA FABA L.) AND COMMON BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.)”
e1“extracts of S. nigrum”
Claim · model-written summary
Black nightshade powder decreased height, root length and biomass in Phaseolus vulgaris.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- different powders of black nightshade incorporated into the soile0
- Interactor
- black nightshadeSolanum nigrume0weed
- Outcome
- plant height, root length, fresh and dry weightse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“different powders of black nightshade incorporated into the soil decrease plant height, root length, fresh and dry weights”
t0“BROAD BEAN (VICIA FABA L.) AND COMMON BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Black nightshade powder decreased height, root length and biomass in Phaseolus vulgaris.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- different powders of black nightshade incorporated into the soile0
- Interactor
- black nightshadeSolanum nigrume0weed
- Outcome
- plant height, root length, fresh and dry weightse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“different powders of black nightshade incorporated into the soil decrease plant height, root length, fresh and dry weights”
t0“BROAD BEAN (VICIA FABA L.) AND COMMON BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed extract did not significantly alter germination test results for Phaseolus vulgaris.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- seed extracte0
- Interactor
- S. nigrume2weed
- Outcome
- germinatione2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed extract showed a non-significant difference (p > 0.05)”
t0“BROAD BEAN (VICIA FABA L.) AND COMMON BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.)”
e1“to conduct the germination test”
e2“aqueous extracts of S. nigrum on germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Black nightshade powder did not affect leaf number in Phaseolus vulgaris.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- black nightshadee1
- Interactor
- black nightshadeSolanum nigrume1weed
- Outcome
- number of leavese0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the number of leaves was not affected”
t0“BROAD BEAN (VICIA FABA L.) AND COMMON BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.)”
e1“black nightshade incorporated into the soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield components decreased at the highest powder concentrations in Phaseolus vulgaris.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- highest concentrations usede0
- Interactor
- black nightshadeSolanum nigrume1weed
- Outcome
- yield componentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield components were decreased with the highest concentrations used”
t0“BROAD BEAN (VICIA FABA L.) AND COMMON BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.)”
e1“black nightshade incorporated into the soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher root and leaf extract concentrations increased suppression of germination, growth and yield in Phaseolus vulgaris.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- higher concentrations of root and leaf aqueous extractse0
- Interactor
- S. nigrume1weed
- Outcome
- reduction of germination, growth, and yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The reduction of germination, growth, and yield of the broad and common beans increased with higher concentrations of root and leaf aqueous extracts”
t0“BROAD BEAN (VICIA FABA L.) AND COMMON BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.)”
e1“extracts of S. nigrum”
Claim · model-written summary
The strongest allelopathic effect in Phaseolus vulgaris came from the highest concentration root extract.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- root extracts of the highest concentratione0
- Interactor
- S. nigrume1weed
- Outcome
- strongest allelopathic effecte0
- Direction
- strongeste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The strongest allelopathic effect of broad and common beans was caused by root extracts of the highest concentration”
t0“BROAD BEAN (VICIA FABA L.) AND COMMON BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.)”
e1“extracts of S. nigrum”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · growth · Vicia faba (faba bean)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 31 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
37 papers more in this group
See all 41 papers →botanical · growth · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
37 papers in the same direction as this paper · 50 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
84 papers more in this group
See all 88 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.