Abstract
The stalk lodging caused by stalk rot after physiological maturity (PM) is a major factor restricting further development of mechanical grain harvesting in China. The physiological mechanism of stalk rot on maize stalk lodging after PM is not clear. This study, based on investigating stalk rot under natural field conditions, demonstrated the relation between stalk rot caused by Fusarium spp. and lodging of 35 maize cultivars after PM. In addition, three widely-planted maize cultivars were inoculated with Fusarium spp. at PM to analyze the pathogen of stalk rot causing lodging, by measuring the infection process, carbohydrate contents, and mechanical strength of stalks. Stalk lodging increased by 0.11–0.32% for each 1% incidence of stalk rot. The stalk rot pathogen infected stalks from the pith to the rind. At the level of longitudinal section, the stalk rot pathogen spread from the inoculation internode upwardly and downwardly. These infections gradually increased with the days after PM. Inoculated plants had decreased soluble sugar content; however, cellulose and lignin contained in the inoculated plants were both higher than that in the non-inoculated treatment. Crushing strength was significantly and positively correlated with percentage of soluble sugar. This indicated that the reduction of soluble sugar content during the natural senescence of maize stalk after PM was an important factor for the decrease of stalk strength and the increase of stalk lodging. The occurrence of stalk rot accelerated the decomposition of soluble sugar, which accelerated the decrease of stalk strength and greatly increased risk of stalk lodging.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Stalk lodging increased by 0.11% to 0.32% for each 1% incidence of stalk rot.
- Treatment
- incidence of stalk rote1
- Outcome
- Stalk lodginge1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 0.11–0.32%e1
- Setting
- natural field conditionse0
Zea mays
FusariumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study, based on investigating stalk rot under natural field conditions, demonstrated the relation between stalk rot caused by Fusarium spp. and lodging of 35 maize cultivars after PM”
e1“Stalk lodging increased by 0.11–0.32% for each 1% incidence of stalk rot”
t0“Maize Lodging”
Claim · model-written summary
The stalk rot pathogen infected stalks from the pith to the rind in inoculated maize.
- Material
- three widely-planted maize cultivarse1
- Organ / stage
- stalkse0
- Treatment
- inoculated with Fusarium spp. at PMe1
- Interactor
- stalk rot pathogene0pathogen
- Outcome
- infected stalkse0
- Qualifier
- from the pith to the rinde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The stalk rot pathogen infected stalks from the pith to the rind”
e1“three widely-planted maize cultivars were inoculated with Fusarium spp. at PM”
t0“Maize Lodging”
Claim · model-written summary
The stalk rot pathogen spread from the inoculation internode upwardly and downwardly in longitudinal section.
- Organ / stage
- inoculation internodee0
- Interactor
- stalk rot pathogene0pathogen
- Outcome
- spread from the inoculation internode upwardly and downwardlye0
- Qualifier
- At the level of longitudinal sectione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the level of longitudinal section, the stalk rot pathogen spread from the inoculation internode upwardly and downwardly”
t0“Maize Lodging”
Claim · model-written summary
Infections by the stalk rot pathogen gradually increased with the days after physiological maturity.
- Treatment
- days after PMe0
- Interactor
- stalk rot pathogene1pathogen
- Outcome
- infectionse0
- Direction
- gradually increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These infections gradually increased with the days after PM”
e1“The stalk rot pathogen infected stalks from the pith to the rind”
t0“Maize Lodging”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated maize plants had decreased soluble sugar content compared with the non-inoculated treatment.
- Treatment
- inoculated with Fusarium spp. at PMe1
- Outcome
- soluble sugar contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated treatmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculated plants had decreased soluble sugar content”
e1“three widely-planted maize cultivars were inoculated with Fusarium spp. at PM”
e2“cellulose and lignin contained in the inoculated plants were both higher than that in the non-inoculated treatment”
t0“Maize Lodging”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated maize plants had higher cellulose and lignin than the non-inoculated treatment.
- Treatment
- inoculated with Fusarium spp. at PMe1
- Outcome
- cellulose and lignine2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- non-inoculated treatmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“cellulose and lignin contained in the inoculated plants were both higher than that in the non-inoculated treatment”
e1“three widely-planted maize cultivars were inoculated with Fusarium spp. at PM”
t0“Maize Lodging”
Claim · model-written summary
Crushing strength was significantly and positively correlated with the percentage of soluble sugar in maize stalks.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crushing strength was significantly and positively correlated with percentage of soluble sugar”
t0“Maize Lodging”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduction of soluble sugar content during natural senescence after physiological maturity is an important factor for decreased stalk strength and increased stalk lodging.
- Compound
- soluble sugare0
- Outcome
- the increase of stalk lodginge0
- Qualifier
- during the natural senescence of maize stalk after PMe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This indicated that the reduction of soluble sugar content during the natural senescence of maize stalk after PM was an important factor for the decrease of stalk strength and the increase of stalk lodging”
t0“Maize Lodging”
Claim · model-written summary
The occurrence of stalk rot accelerated the decomposition of soluble sugar.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The occurrence of stalk rot accelerated the decomposition of soluble sugar”
t0“Maize Lodging”
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