Abstract
A field trial was conducted twice (in 2020 and 2021) to evaluate the effect of clove fruit extract (CFE) and/or salicylic acid (SA), which were used as a foliar nourishment, on growth and yield traits, as well as physiological and biochemical indices utilizing potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants irrigated with deficient regimes in an arid environment. Three drip irrigation regimes [e.g., well watering (7400 m3 ha−1), moderate drought (6200 m3 ha−1), and severe drought (5000 m3 ha−1)] were designed for this study. The tested growth, yield, and photosynthetic traits, along with the relative water content, were negatively affected, whereas markers of oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide and superoxide), electrolyte leakage, and peroxidation of membrane lipids (assessed as malondialdehyde level) were augmented along with increased antioxidative defense activities under drought stress. These effects were gradually increased with the gradual reduction in the irrigation regime. However, under drought stress, CFE and/or SA significantly enhanced growth characteristics (fresh and dry weight of plant shoot and plant leaf area) and yield components (average tuber weight, number of plant tubers, and total tuber yield). In addition, photosynthetic attributes (chlorophylls and carotenoids contents, net photosynthetic and transpiration rates, and stomatal conductance) were also improved, and defensive antioxidant components (glutathione, free proline, ascorbate, soluble sugars, and α-tocopherol levels, and activities of glutathione reductase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase) were further enhanced. The study findings advocate the idea of using a CFE+SA combined treatment, which was largely efficient in ameliorating potato plant growth and productivity by attenuating the limiting influences of drought stress in dry environments.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced potato growth, yield, photosynthesis and relative water content.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosumt0 - Outcome
- growth, yield, and photosynthetic traits, along with the relative water contente0
- Direction
- negatively affectede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The tested growth, yield, and photosynthetic traits, along with the relative water content, were negatively affected”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought augmented oxidative stress markers, leakage, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- markers of oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide and superoxide), electrolyte leakage, and peroxidation of membrane lipidse0
- Direction
- augmentede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“markers of oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide and superoxide), electrolyte leakage, and peroxidation of membrane lipids (assessed as malondialdehyde level) were augmented along with increased antioxidative defense activities under drought stress”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
CFE and/or SA increased shoot mass and leaf area under drought.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- CFE and/or SAe0
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weight of plant shoot and plant leaf areae0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- under drought stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under drought stress, CFE and/or SA significantly enhanced growth characteristics (fresh and dry weight of plant shoot and plant leaf area)”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
CFE and/or SA increased potato tuber weight, number and yield under drought.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- CFE and/or SAe0
- Outcome
- average tuber weight, number of plant tubers, and total tuber yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CFE and/or SA significantly enhanced growth characteristics (fresh and dry weight of plant shoot and plant leaf area) and yield components (average tuber weight, number of plant tubers, and total tuber yield)”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
CFE and/or SA improved chlorophyll, carotenoids, photosynthetic and transpiration rates and stomatal conductance.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- chlorophylls and carotenoids contents, net photosynthetic and transpiration rates, and stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“photosynthetic attributes (chlorophylls and carotenoids contents, net photosynthetic and transpiration rates, and stomatal conductance) were also improved”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The supplements further enhanced potato antioxidant metabolites and enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- defensive antioxidant componentse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“defensive antioxidant components (glutathione, free proline, ascorbate, soluble sugars, and α-tocopherol levels, and activities of glutathione reductase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase) were further enhanced”
t0“potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors advocate combined CFE+SA for potato productivity in dry environments.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- CFE+SA combined treatmente0
- Outcome
- potato plant growth and productivitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using a CFE+SA combined treatment, which was largely efficient in ameliorating potato plant growth and productivity by attenuating the limiting influences of drought stress in dry environments”
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