Abstract
The present study demonstrates the Ni toxicity-ameliorating and growth-promoting abilities of two different bacterial isolates when applied to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as the host plant. Two bacterial strains tolerant to Ni stress were isolated from wheat seeds and selected based on their ability to improve the germination of wheat plants; they were identified as Bacillus megaterium AFI1 and Paenibacillus nicotianae AFI2. The protective effects of these epiphytic bacteria against Ni stress were studied in model experiments with two wheat cultivars: Ni stress-tolerant Leningradskaya 6 and susceptible Chinese spring. When these isolates were used as the inoculants applied to Ni-treated wheat plants, the growth parameters and the levels of photosynthetic pigments of the two wheat cultivars both under normal and Ni-stress conditions were increased, though B. megaterium AFI1 had a more pronounced ameliorative effect on the Ni contents in plant tissues due to its synthesis of siderophores. Over the 10 days of Ni exposure, the plant growth promotion bacteria (PGPB) significantly reduced the lipid peroxidation (LPO), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and proline content in the leaves of both wheat cultivars. The PGPB also increased peroxidase (POX) activity and the levels of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids in the wheat leaves. It was concluded that B. megaterium AFI1 is an ideal candidate for bioremediation and wheat growth promotion against Ni-induced oxidative stress, as it increases photosynthetic pigment contents, induces the antioxidant defense system, and lowers Ni metal uptake.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculants applied to Ni-treated wheat increased growth parameters and photosynthetic pigment levels under normal and Ni-stress conditions.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume2 - Treatment
- inoculants applied to Ni-treated wheat plantse2
- Interactor
- these isolatese2symbiont
- Outcome
- growth parameters and the levels of photosynthetic pigmentse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Qualifier
- both under normal and Ni-stress conditionse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“When these isolates were used as the inoculants applied to Ni-treated wheat plants, the growth parameters and the levels of photosynthetic pigments of the two wheat cultivars both under normal and Ni-stress conditions were increased”
e1“applied to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as the host plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus megaterium AFI1 had a stronger effect than the other isolate in lowering Ni contents in wheat tissues, through siderophore synthesis.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Organ / stage
- plant tissuese3
- Treatment
- B. megaterium AFI1e3
- Interactor
- B. megaterium AFI1
Priestia megateriume3symbiont - Outcome
- Ni contentse3
- Direction
- more pronouncede3
- Qualifier
- due to its synthesis of siderophorese3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“though B. megaterium AFI1 had a more pronounced ameliorative effect on the Ni contents in plant tissues due to its synthesis of siderophores”
e1“applied to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as the host plant”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPB significantly reduced lipid peroxidation, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities in wheat leaves during Ni exposure.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume4
- Organ / stage
- leavese4
- Treatment
- plant growth promotion bacteria (PGPB)e4
- Interactor
- PGPBe4symbiont
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidation (LPO), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activitiese4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Qualifier
- Over the 10 days of Ni exposuree4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Over the 10 days of Ni exposure, the plant growth promotion bacteria (PGPB) significantly reduced the lipid peroxidation (LPO), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and proline content in the leaves of both wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPB significantly reduced proline content in wheat leaves during Ni exposure.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume4
- Organ / stage
- leavese4
- Treatment
- plant growth promotion bacteria (PGPB)e4
- Interactor
- PGPBe4symbiont
- Outcome
- proline contente4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Qualifier
- Over the 10 days of Ni exposuree4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Over the 10 days of Ni exposure, the plant growth promotion bacteria (PGPB) significantly reduced the lipid peroxidation (LPO), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and proline content in the leaves of both wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPB increased peroxidase activity in wheat leaves.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Organ / stage
- leavese5
- Treatment
- PGPBe5
- Interactor
- PGPBe5symbiont
- Outcome
- peroxidase (POX) activitye5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The PGPB also increased peroxidase (POX) activity and the levels of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids in the wheat leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPB increased chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid levels in wheat leaves.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Organ / stage
- leavese5
- Treatment
- PGPBe5
- Interactor
- PGPBe5symbiont
- Outcome
- levels of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoidse5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The PGPB also increased peroxidase (POX) activity and the levels of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids in the wheat leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus megaterium AFI1 is an ideal candidate for bioremediation and wheat growth promotion under Ni-induced oxidative stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume6
- Interactor
- B. megaterium AFI1Priestia megateriume6symbiont
- Outcome
- ideal candidate for bioremediation and wheat growth promotione6
- Qualifier
- against Ni-induced oxidative stresse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“B. megaterium AFI1 is an ideal candidate for bioremediation and wheat growth promotion against Ni-induced oxidative stress”
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