Abstract
Rapid multiplication of turmeric ( Curcuma longa ) by micropropagation is needed to produce a continuous source of uniformly sized, high-quality, and disease-free plantlets. Three in vitro experiments were conducted to optimize the medium by evaluating nine media and a full factorial combination (matrix) of two plant growth regulators for direct organogenesis of ‘Hawaiian Red’ turmeric. Two experiments evaluated the media, and the third studied the plant growth regulator matrix. As a result, Driver and Kuniyuki walnut (DKW), Murashige and Skoog (MS), and broadleaf tree basal (BLT) media performed better than woody plant media [Lloyd & McCown woody plant basal medium (L&M), and McCown’s woody plant basal salt mixture (McCown)] for shoot and root formation. The multiplication rate was 18 plants per explant in DKW with 1 mg⋅L −1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.1 mg⋅L −1 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). After transferring the plants to an ex vitro environment, the survival rate was 97%, and 30% higher than previously reported. DKW produced the highest number of plantlets (with shoots and roots), and BLT produced fewer plants with higher biomass. In the MS media, higher BAP to NAA ratio (2.5 to 0.1 mg⋅L −1 ) produced the most significant number of shoots; however, the lowest concentration of BAP and NAA (0.1 mg⋅L −1 of both) produced the highest number of rooted plantlets. There are two recommendations for tissue culture of ‘Hawaiian Red’ turmeric. To produce the highest number of plantlets, one should use the higher BAP to NAA ratio (2.5 mg⋅L −1 BAP and 0.1 mg⋅L −1 NAA) for shoot proliferation and then transfer the explants to the root initiation media. However, to reduce the number of subcultures, the explants can be grown in the lowest concentration of both BAP and NAA (0.1 mg⋅L −1 ) to induce both shoot and root. Although, the number of plantlets (with roots and shoots) will decrease in this method, there is no need for subsequent subcultures and changing of the plant growth regulator combinations.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Driver and Kuniyuki walnut, Murashige and Skoog and broadleaf tree basal media performed better than woody plant media for shoot and root formation.
- Taxon
- Turmeric
_W_IMG_2440.jpg?width=60)
Curcuma longat0 - Treatment
- Driver and Kuniyuki walnut (DKW), Murashige and Skoog (MS), and broadleaf tree basal (BLT) mediae0
- Outcome
- shoot and root formatione0
- Direction
- performed bettere0
- Comparator
- woody plant mediae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_W_IMG_2440.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Optimizing Turmeric Tissue Culture”
e0“Driver and Kuniyuki walnut (DKW), Murashige and Skoog (MS), and broadleaf tree basal (BLT) media performed better than woody plant media [Lloyd & McCown woody plant basal medium (L&M), and McCown’s woody plant basal salt mixture (McCown)] for shoot and root formation”
Claim · model-written summary
The multiplication rate was 18 plants per explant in DKW medium with 1 mg/L BAP and 0.1 mg/L NAA.
- Taxon
- TurmericCurcuma longat0
- Outcome
- multiplication ratee1
- Value
- 18 plants per explante1
- Qualifier
- DKW with 1 mg⋅L −1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.1 mg⋅L −1 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Optimizing Turmeric Tissue Culture”
e1“The multiplication rate was 18 plants per explant in DKW with 1 mg⋅L −1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.1 mg⋅L −1 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)”
Claim · model-written summary
Survival rate after transfer to the ex vitro environment was 97%.
- Taxon
- TurmericCurcuma longat0
- Outcome
- survival ratee2
- Value
- 97%e2
- Qualifier
- After transferring the plants to an ex vitro environmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Optimizing Turmeric Tissue Culture”
e2“After transferring the plants to an ex vitro environment, the survival rate was 97%, and 30% higher than previously reported”
Claim · model-written summary
Survival rate after transfer to the ex vitro environment was 30% higher than previously reported.
- Taxon
- TurmericCurcuma longat0
- Outcome
- survival ratee2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 30%e2
- Qualifier
- than previously reportede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Optimizing Turmeric Tissue Culture”
e2“After transferring the plants to an ex vitro environment, the survival rate was 97%, and 30% higher than previously reported”
Claim · model-written summary
DKW produced the highest number of plantlets with shoots and roots.
- Taxon
- TurmericCurcuma longat0
- Treatment
- DKWe4
- Outcome
- number of plantlets (with shoots and roots)e4
- Direction
- higheste4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Optimizing Turmeric Tissue Culture”
e4“DKW produced the highest number of plantlets (with shoots and roots)”
Claim · model-written summary
BLT medium produced fewer plants.
- Taxon
- TurmericCurcuma longat0
- Treatment
- BLTe5
- Outcome
- plantse5
- Direction
- fewere5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Optimizing Turmeric Tissue Culture”
e5“BLT produced fewer plants with higher biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
BLT medium produced plants with higher biomass.
- Taxon
- TurmericCurcuma longat0
- Treatment
- BLTe5
- Outcome
- biomasse5
- Direction
- highere5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Optimizing Turmeric Tissue Culture”
e5“BLT produced fewer plants with higher biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
A higher BAP to NAA ratio in MS medium produced the most shoots.
- Taxon
- TurmericCurcuma longat0
- Treatment
- higher BAP to NAA ratioe6
- Outcome
- number of shootse6
- Direction
- most significante6
- Qualifier
- MS mediae6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Optimizing Turmeric Tissue Culture”
e6“In the MS media, higher BAP to NAA ratio (2.5 to 0.1 mg⋅L −1 ) produced the most significant number of shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
The lowest concentration of BAP and NAA produced the highest number of rooted plantlets.
- Taxon
- TurmericCurcuma longat0
- Treatment
- lowest concentration of BAP and NAAe7
- Outcome
- number of rooted plantletse7
- Direction
- higheste7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Optimizing Turmeric Tissue Culture”
e7“the lowest concentration of BAP and NAA (0.1 mg⋅L −1 of both) produced the highest number of rooted plantlets”
Claim · model-written summary
To produce the highest number of plantlets, the higher BAP to NAA ratio should be used for shoot proliferation.
- Taxon
- TurmericCurcuma longat0
- Outcome
- higher BAP to NAA ratioe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Optimizing Turmeric Tissue Culture”
e0“To produce the highest number of plantlets, one should use the higher BAP to NAA ratio”
Claim · model-written summary
To reduce subcultures, explants can be grown in the lowest concentration of both BAP and NAA to induce both shoot and root.
- Taxon
- TurmericCurcuma longat0
- Outcome
- the explants can be grown in the lowest concentration of both BAP and NAAe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Optimizing Turmeric Tissue Culture”
e1“However, to reduce the number of subcultures, the explants can be grown in the lowest concentration of both BAP and NAA (0.1 mg⋅L −1 ) to induce both shoot and root”
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