Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important crop used for feeding humans and cattle globally. Deficiency of potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) adversely impacts the maize crop productivity and quality. However, the application of these nutrients shows variant responses in different maize cultivars. To understand this perspective, the current study aimed at investigating K and Zn’s optimal concentration in different hybrid and inbred maize cultivars. The treatments were based on three zinc levels (0, 6, and 12 mg Zn kg−1) and K levels (0, 30, and 60 mg kg−1), and their respective combinations. The experiment results showed that combined fertilization approaches of Zn and K (Zn12K60) improved the plant biometric, and physiological attributes of maize crop. The results revealed a significant increase in plant height (45%), fresh weight (70%), and dry weight (45%). Similarly, physiological attributes significantly improved the relative water content (76.4%), membrane stability index (77.9%), chlorophyll contents (170%), and photosynthetic rate (130%) in both inbred and hybrid genotypes. Furthermore, Zn and K (Zn12K60) increased transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (Ci), and internal CO2. In conclusion, maize hybrids (Neelam and DK-6142) were observed best compared with inbred (Afghoi and P-1543) cultivars with the combined application of Zn and K (Zn12K60). Thus, these inbred varieties should be preferred for fodder requirement with optimum fertilizer (Zn12K60) application in Zn deficient soils.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
plant height increased by 45% with combined Zn and K.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize Cultivars”
e0“significant increase in plant height (45%)”
e1“combined fertilization approaches of Zn and K (Zn12K60)”
Claim · model-written summary
fresh weight increased by 70% with combined Zn and K.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize Cultivars”
e0“significant increase in plant height (45%), fresh weight (70%)”
e1“combined fertilization approaches of Zn and K (Zn12K60)”
Claim · model-written summary
dry weight increased by 45% with combined Zn and K.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize Cultivars”
e0“significant increase in plant height (45%), fresh weight (70%), and dry weight (45%)”
e1“combined fertilization approaches of Zn and K (Zn12K60)”
Claim · model-written summary
relative water content increased by 76.4% with combined Zn and K.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize Cultivars”
e0“physiological attributes significantly improved the relative water content (76.4%)”
e1“combined fertilization approaches of Zn and K (Zn12K60)”
Claim · model-written summary
membrane stability index increased by 77.9% with combined Zn and K.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize Cultivars”
e0“physiological attributes significantly improved the relative water content (76.4%), membrane stability index (77.9%)”
e1“combined fertilization approaches of Zn and K (Zn12K60)”
Claim · model-written summary
chlorophyll contents increased by 170% with combined Zn and K.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize Cultivars”
e0“physiological attributes significantly improved the relative water content (76.4%), membrane stability index (77.9%), chlorophyll contents (170%)”
e1“combined fertilization approaches of Zn and K (Zn12K60)”
Claim · model-written summary
photosynthetic rate increased by 130% with combined Zn and K.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize Cultivars”
e0“physiological attributes significantly improved the relative water content (76.4%), membrane stability index (77.9%), chlorophyll contents (170%), and photosynthetic rate (130%)”
e1“combined fertilization approaches of Zn and K (Zn12K60)”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn12K60 increased transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and internal CO2.
- Treatment
- Zn and K (Zn12K60)e0
- Outcome
- transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (Ci), and internal CO2e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn and K (Zn12K60) increased transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (Ci), and internal CO2”
t0“Maize Cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Neelam and DK-6142 hybrids performed best compared with Afghoi and P-1543 inbreds under Zn12K60.
- Material
- Neelam and DK-6142e0
- Treatment
- Zn and K (Zn12K60)e0
- Outcome
- observed beste0
- Direction
- beste0
- Comparator
- Afghoi and P-1543e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize hybrids (Neelam and DK-6142) were observed best compared with inbred (Afghoi and P-1543) cultivars with the combined application of Zn and K (Zn12K60)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend inbred varieties for fodder under Zn12K60 in Zn deficient soils.
- Treatment
- optimum fertilizer (Zn12K60)e0
- Outcome
- inbred varieties should be preferred for fodder requiremente0
- Qualifier
- Zn deficient soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these inbred varieties should be preferred for fodder requirement with optimum fertilizer (Zn12K60) application in Zn deficient soils”
t0“Maize Cultivars”
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See all 7 papers →8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.