Abstract
An energy-saving light emitting diode (LED) system allows for adjustment of light quality, which affects plant development and metabolic processes in in vitro cultures. The study investigated the content of endogenous carbohydrates and the condition of the photosynthetic apparatus of Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hook. f. Our aim was to analyze the effects of different LED light qualities—100% red light (R LED), 100% blue (B LED), a mixture of red and blue (7:3) (RB LED), and a fluorescent lamp as a control (Fl)—during the multiplication of axillary shoots. After 40 days, the culture measurements were performed using a non-invasive pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorimeter. Sugar content was assessed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Two forms of free monosaccharides (glucose and fructose), two sugar alcohol derivatives (inositol and glycerol), and seven forms of free oligosaccharides were identified. Of those, glucose content was the highest. LEDs did not disturb the sugar metabolism in multiplied shoots. Their monosaccharides were three times more abundant than oligosaccharides; the same results were found in plants grown under control light. R light depleted the performance of the photosynthetic apparatus and caused its permanent damage. The RB LED spectrum ensured the most efficient non-photochemical quenching of the photosystem II (PS II) excitation state and high shoot quality.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Glucose and fructose were identified in the shoots.
- Taxon
- Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hook. f.
Gerbera jamesoniit0 - Outcome
- glucose and fructosee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two forms of free monosaccharides (glucose and fructose), two sugar alcohol derivatives (inositol and glycerol), and seven forms of free oligosaccharides were identified.”
t0“Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hook. f.”
Claim · model-written summary
Inositol and glycerol were identified in the shoots.
- Taxon
- Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hook. f.Gerbera jamesoniit0
- Outcome
- inositol and glycerole0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two forms of free monosaccharides (glucose and fructose), two sugar alcohol derivatives (inositol and glycerol), and seven forms of free oligosaccharides were identified.”
t0“Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hook. f.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven forms of free oligosaccharides were identified.
- Taxon
- Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hook. f.Gerbera jamesoniit0
- Outcome
- free oligosaccharidese0
- Value
- seven formse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two forms of free monosaccharides (glucose and fructose), two sugar alcohol derivatives (inositol and glycerol), and seven forms of free oligosaccharides were identified.”
t0“Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hook. f.”
Claim · model-written summary
Glucose had the highest content among the identified sugars.
- Taxon
- Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hook. f.Gerbera jamesoniit0
- Outcome
- glucose contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Of those, glucose content was the highest.”
t0“Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hook. f.”
Claim · model-written summary
LED lighting did not disturb sugar metabolism in multiplied shoots.
- Taxon
- Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hook. f.Gerbera jamesoniit0
- Organ / stage
- multiplied shootse0
- Treatment
- LEDse0
- Outcome
- sugar metabolisme0
- Direction
- did not disturbe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LEDs did not disturb the sugar metabolism in multiplied shoots.”
t0“Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hook. f.”
Claim · model-written summary
Monosaccharides were three times as abundant as oligosaccharides under LED and control light.
- Taxon
- Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hook. f.Gerbera jamesoniit0
- Outcome
- monosaccharidese0
- Direction
- more abundante0
- Value
- three timese0
- Qualifier
- plants grown under control lighte0
- Comparator
- oligosaccharidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Their monosaccharides were three times more abundant than oligosaccharides; the same results were found in plants grown under control light.”
t0“Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hook. f.”
Claim · model-written summary
Red light depleted photosynthetic apparatus performance and caused permanent damage.
- Taxon
- Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hook. f.Gerbera jamesoniit0
- Treatment
- R lighte0
- Outcome
- performance of the photosynthetic apparatuse0
- Direction
- depletede0
- Qualifier
- permanent damagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“R light depleted the performance of the photosynthetic apparatus and caused its permanent damage.”
t0“Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hook. f.”
Claim · model-written summary
Red-blue LED produced the most efficient PS II non-photochemical quenching.
- Taxon
- Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hook. f.Gerbera jamesoniit0
- Treatment
- RB LED spectrume0
- Outcome
- non-photochemical quenching of the photosystem II (PS II) excitation statee0
- Direction
- most efficiente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The RB LED spectrum ensured the most efficient non-photochemical quenching of the photosystem II (PS II) excitation state and high shoot quality.”
t0“Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hook. f.”
Claim · model-written summary
Red-blue LED ensured high shoot quality.
- Taxon
- Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hook. f.Gerbera jamesoniit0
- Treatment
- RB LED spectrume0
- Outcome
- high shoot qualitye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The RB LED spectrum ensured the most efficient non-photochemical quenching of the photosystem II (PS II) excitation state and high shoot quality.”
t0“Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hook. f.”
The same questions in other papers
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.