Abstract
A field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design to screen the optimum spray fluid of herbicide application for drone based on visual toxicity and weed control efficiency in maize (Zea mays L.) during the summer season (March 2021) at eastern block farms of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. Three herbicide treatments namely Atrazine, Tembotrione and 2, 4-D with recommended dosages, 75% and 125% as pre-emergence herbicides applied on 3 days after, early post-emergence herbicides applied on 15 days after sowing and post-emergence applied on 25 days after sowing respectively. Totally thirty treatments with different spray fluids such as 500, 400, 300, 200, 100, 80, 60, 40, 30 L ha-1 and 20 L ha-1 were replicated three times. The study revealed that T5- Recommended dosage of pre emergence Atrazine – early post emergence Tembotrione – post emergence 2, 4-D (spray fluid 100 L of water ha-1),T6- Recommended dosage of pre emergence Atrazine – early post emergence Tembotrione–post emergence 2, 4-D (spray fluid 80 L of water ha-1), T7- Recommended dosage of pre emergence Atrazine – early post emergence Tembotrione – post emergence 2, 4-D (spray fluid 60 L of water ha-1) and T8- Recommended dosage of pre emergence Atrazine – early post emergence Tembotrione – post emergence 2, 4-D (spray fluid 40 L of water ha-1) produced the best results with respect to phytotoxicity and weed control efficiency. Based on the results it was concluded that the application of spray fluid 80 L ha-1 was optimum for herbicide application through drones with recommended dosage pre emergence Atrazine 1 kg a.i ha-1 on 3 days after sowing – early post emergence Tembotrione 120 g a.i ha-1 on 15-20 days after sowing - post emergence 2, 4-D 1 kg a.i ha-1 on 30 - 35 days after sowing.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
The 100 L of water ha-1 spray sequence T5 produced among the best phytotoxicity and weed control results.
- Treatment
- T5- Recommended dosage of pre emergence Atrazine – early post emergence Tembotrione – post emergence 2, 4-D (spray fluid 100 L of water ha-1)e0
- Outcome
- phytotoxicity and weed control efficiencye0
- Direction
- beste0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T5- Recommended dosage of pre emergence Atrazine – early post emergence Tembotrione – post emergence 2, 4-D (spray fluid 100 L of water ha-1),T6- Recommended dosage of pre emergence Atrazine – early post emergence Tembotrione–post emergence 2, 4-D (spray fluid 80 L of water ha-1), T7- Recommended dosage of pre emergence Atrazine – early post emergence Tembotrione – post emergence 2, 4-D (spray fluid 60 L of water ha-1) and T8- Recommended dosage of pre emergence Atrazine – early post emergence Tembotrione – post emergence 2, 4-D (spray fluid 40 L of water ha-1) produced the best results with respect to phytotoxicity and weed control efficiency.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The 80 L of water ha-1 spray sequence T6 produced among the best phytotoxicity and weed control results.
- Treatment
- T6- Recommended dosage of pre emergence Atrazine – early post emergence Tembotrione–post emergence 2, 4-D (spray fluid 80 L of water ha-1)e0
- Outcome
- phytotoxicity and weed control efficiencye0
- Direction
- beste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T5- Recommended dosage of pre emergence Atrazine – early post emergence Tembotrione – post emergence 2, 4-D (spray fluid 100 L of water ha-1),T6- Recommended dosage of pre emergence Atrazine – early post emergence Tembotrione–post emergence 2, 4-D (spray fluid 80 L of water ha-1), T7- Recommended dosage of pre emergence Atrazine – early post emergence Tembotrione – post emergence 2, 4-D (spray fluid 60 L of water ha-1) and T8- Recommended dosage of pre emergence Atrazine – early post emergence Tembotrione – post emergence 2, 4-D (spray fluid 40 L of water ha-1) produced the best results with respect to phytotoxicity and weed control efficiency.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The 60 L of water ha-1 spray sequence T7 produced among the best phytotoxicity and weed control results.
- Treatment
- T7- Recommended dosage of pre emergence Atrazine – early post emergence Tembotrione – post emergence 2, 4-D (spray fluid 60 L of water ha-1)e0
- Outcome
- phytotoxicity and weed control efficiencye0
- Direction
- beste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T7- Recommended dosage of pre emergence Atrazine – early post emergence Tembotrione – post emergence 2, 4-D (spray fluid 60 L of water ha-1) and T8- Recommended dosage of pre emergence Atrazine – early post emergence Tembotrione – post emergence 2, 4-D (spray fluid 40 L of water ha-1) produced the best results with respect to phytotoxicity and weed control efficiency.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The 40 L of water ha-1 spray sequence T8 produced among the best phytotoxicity and weed control results.
- Treatment
- T8- Recommended dosage of pre emergence Atrazine – early post emergence Tembotrione – post emergence 2, 4-D (spray fluid 40 L of water ha-1)e0
- Outcome
- phytotoxicity and weed control efficiencye0
- Direction
- beste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T7- Recommended dosage of pre emergence Atrazine – early post emergence Tembotrione – post emergence 2, 4-D (spray fluid 60 L of water ha-1) and T8- Recommended dosage of pre emergence Atrazine – early post emergence Tembotrione – post emergence 2, 4-D (spray fluid 40 L of water ha-1) produced the best results with respect to phytotoxicity and weed control efficiency.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 80 L ha-1 spray fluid for drone herbicide application with the stated herbicide sequence.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of spray fluid 80 L ha-1 was optimum for herbicide application through drones with recommended dosage pre emergence Atrazine 1 kg a.i ha-1 on 3 days after sowing – early post emergence Tembotrione 120 g a.i ha-1 on 15-20 days after sowing - post emergence 2, 4-D 1 kg a.i ha-1 on 30 - 35 days after sowing.”
t0“Maize”
The same questions in other papers
2,4-D · crop injury · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →atrazine · crop injury · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 19 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
19 papers more in this group
See all 23 papers →tembotrione · crop injury · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →application · crop injury · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.