Abstract
The goal of this research was to advance the foundational knowledge required to quantify and mitigate fungicide resistance in Rhizoctonia zeae, the seedling disease pathogen of soybean and corn. In vitro sensitivity to azoxystrobin, fludioxonil, sedaxane, and/or prothioconazole was determined for 91 R. zeae isolates obtained mostly from soybean and corn fields in Nebraska. Isolates were sensitive to fludioxonil, sedaxane, and prothioconazole (EC 50 < 3 µg/ml) and had a positively skewed EC 50 distribution. Isolates were not sensitive to azoxystrobin in vitro (EC 50 > 100 µg/ml) or in planta. Application of azoxystrobin did not significantly decrease disease severity or improve total dry weight of the soybean plants (P > 0.05). The risk of resistance development in R. zeae was estimated by characterizing its population structure. Eighty-one R. zeae isolates were genotyped using six microsatellite markers. Results showed that the population has a mixed mode of reproduction and is structured according to geographic region, suggesting limited dispersal. These population characteristics suggest that R. zeae has an intermediate risk of resistance development. Overall, this research established the current status of fungicide sensitivity in R. zeae in Nebraska and estimated its risk of resistance development, which can inform fungicide resistance management for R. zeae.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
R. zeae isolates were sensitive to fludioxonil, sedaxane and prothioconazole (EC 50 below 3 µg/ml) in vitro.
- Taxon
- soybean and corn
Glycine max
Zea mays subsp. mayse2 - Treatment
- fludioxonil, sedaxane, and prothioconazolee1
- Interactor
- R. zeaeWaitea zeaee2pathogen
- Outcome
- EC 50e1
- Value
- < 3 µg/mle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Isolates were sensitive to fludioxonil, sedaxane, and prothioconazole (EC 50 < 3 µg/ml)”
e2“91 R. zeae isolates obtained mostly from soybean and corn fields in Nebraska”
Claim · model-written summary
R. zeae isolates were not sensitive to azoxystrobin in vitro (EC 50 above 100 µg/ml) or in planta.
- Taxon
- soybean and cornGlycine maxZea mays subsp. mayse2
- Treatment
- azoxystrobine3
- Interactor
- R. zeaeWaitea zeaee2pathogen
- Outcome
- EC 50e3
- Value
- > 100 µg/mle3
- Qualifier
- or in plantae3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“91 R. zeae isolates obtained mostly from soybean and corn fields in Nebraska”
e3“Isolates were not sensitive to azoxystrobin in vitro (EC 50 > 100 µg/ml) or in planta”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of azoxystrobin did not significantly decrease soybean disease severity or improve total dry weight.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe4
- Treatment
- Application of azoxystrobine4
- Outcome
- disease severitye4
- Direction
- did not significantlye4
- Value
- P > 0.05e4
- Qualifier
- or improve total dry weight of the soybean plantse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Application of azoxystrobin did not significantly decrease disease severity or improve total dry weight of the soybean plants (P > 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
The R. zeae population has a mixed mode of reproduction.
- Taxon
- soybean and cornGlycine maxZea mays subsp. mayse2
- Outcome
- mixed mode of reproductione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“91 R. zeae isolates obtained mostly from soybean and corn fields in Nebraska”
e5“Results showed that the population has a mixed mode of reproduction and is structured according to geographic region, suggesting limited dispersal”
Claim · model-written summary
The R. zeae population is structured according to geographic region, suggesting limited dispersal.
- Taxon
- soybean and cornGlycine maxZea mays subsp. mayse2
- Outcome
- structured according to geographic regione5
- Qualifier
- suggesting limited dispersale5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“91 R. zeae isolates obtained mostly from soybean and corn fields in Nebraska”
e5“Results showed that the population has a mixed mode of reproduction and is structured according to geographic region, suggesting limited dispersal”
Claim · model-written summary
R. zeae has an intermediate risk of resistance development.
- Taxon
- soybean and cornGlycine maxZea mays subsp. mayse2
- Interactor
- R. zeaeWaitea zeaee6pathogen
- Outcome
- risk of resistance developmente6
- Value
- intermediatee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“91 R. zeae isolates obtained mostly from soybean and corn fields in Nebraska”
e6“These population characteristics suggest that R. zeae has an intermediate risk of resistance development”
The same questions in other papers
azoxystrobin · disease · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.