Abstract
Water stress is the most critical aspect restricting the development of agriculture in regions with scarce water resources, which requires enhancing irrigation water-saving strategies. The current work discusses the potential application of the plant-strengthening root endophyte Piriformospora indica against moderate (25% less irrigation water) and severe (50% less irrigation water) water stress in comparison to the optimum irrigation conditions of greenhouse cucumbers. P. indica improved growth, nutrient content, and photosynthesis apparatus under normal or water-stress conditions. On the other hand, moderate and severe water stress reduced yield up to 47% and 83%, respectively, in non-colonized cucumber plants, while up to 28 and 78%, respectively, in P. indica-colonized plants. In terms of water-use efficiency (WUE), P. indica improved the WUE of colonized cucumber plants grown under moderate (26 L/kg) or severe stress (73 L/kg) by supporting colonized plants in producing higher yield per unit volume of water consumed by the crop in comparison to non-colonized plants under the same level of moderate (43 L/kg) or severe (81 L/kg) water stress. Furthermore, P. indica increased the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content, activity levels of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) with an apparent clear reduction in the abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline contents and stomatal closure compared to non-stressed plants under both water-stress levels. In addition, chlorophyll a, b, a + b contents were increased in the leaves of the colonized plants under water-stress conditions. This improvement in chlorophyll content could be correlated with a significant increment in the transcripts of chlorophyll biosynthesis genes (protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase [POR], chlorophyll a oxygenase [CAO]) and a reduction in the chlorophyll degradation genes (PPH, pheophorbide a oxygenase [PAO], and red chlorophyll catabolite reductase [RCCR]). In conclusion, P. indica has the potential to enhance the cucumber yield grown under moderate water stress rather than severe water stress by improving WUE and altering the activity levels of antioxidant enzymes and chlorophyll metabolism-related genes.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Piriformospora indica improved growth, nutrient content and photosynthesis apparatus of greenhouse cucumber under normal or water-stress conditions.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse1 - Treatment
- P. indicae0
- Interactor
- P. indicaSerendipita indicae0symbiont
- Outcome
- growth, nutrient content, and photosynthesis apparatuse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- under normal or water-stress conditionse0
- Setting
- greenhousee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. indica improved growth, nutrient content, and photosynthesis apparatus under normal or water-stress conditions”
e1“in comparison to the optimum irrigation conditions of greenhouse cucumbers”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate water stress reduced yield by up to 47% in non-colonized cucumber relative to optimum irrigation.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse2
- Treatment
- moderate (25% less irrigation water)e3
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- up to 47%e2
- Qualifier
- non-colonizede2
- Comparator
- optimum irrigation conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in comparison to the optimum irrigation conditions of greenhouse cucumbers”
e2“moderate and severe water stress reduced yield up to 47% and 83%, respectively, in non-colonized cucumber plants”
e3“moderate (25% less irrigation water) and severe (50% less irrigation water) water stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe water stress reduced yield by up to 83% in non-colonized cucumber relative to optimum irrigation.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse2
- Treatment
- severe (50% less irrigation water)e3
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- 83%e2
- Qualifier
- non-colonizede2
- Comparator
- optimum irrigation conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in comparison to the optimum irrigation conditions of greenhouse cucumbers”
e2“moderate and severe water stress reduced yield up to 47% and 83%, respectively, in non-colonized cucumber plants”
e3“moderate (25% less irrigation water) and severe (50% less irrigation water) water stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate water stress reduced yield by up to 28% in P. indica-colonized cucumber relative to optimum irrigation.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse2
- Treatment
- moderate (25% less irrigation water)e3
- Interactor
- P. indicaSerendipita indicae4symbiont
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- up to 28e4
- Qualifier
- colonizede4
- Comparator
- optimum irrigation conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in comparison to the optimum irrigation conditions of greenhouse cucumbers”
e2“moderate and severe water stress reduced yield up to 47% and 83%, respectively, in non-colonized cucumber plants”
e3“moderate (25% less irrigation water) and severe (50% less irrigation water) water stress”
e4“while up to 28 and 78%, respectively, in P. indica-colonized plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe water stress reduced yield by up to 78% in P. indica-colonized cucumber relative to optimum irrigation.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse2
- Treatment
- severe (50% less irrigation water)e3
- Interactor
- P. indicaSerendipita indicae4symbiont
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- 78%e4
- Qualifier
- colonizede4
- Comparator
- optimum irrigation conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in comparison to the optimum irrigation conditions of greenhouse cucumbers”
e2“moderate and severe water stress reduced yield up to 47% and 83%, respectively, in non-colonized cucumber plants”
e3“moderate (25% less irrigation water) and severe (50% less irrigation water) water stress”
e4“while up to 28 and 78%, respectively, in P. indica-colonized plants”
Claim · model-written summary
P. indica improved water-use efficiency of colonized cucumber under moderate stress (26 L/kg), compared with non-colonized plants (43 L/kg).
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse5
- Treatment
- P. indicae5
- Interactor
- P. indicaSerendipita indicae5symbiont
- Outcome
- water-use efficiency (WUE)e5
- Direction
- improvede5
- Value
- 26 L/kge5
- Qualifier
- moderatee5
- Comparator
- non-colonized plantse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“In terms of water-use efficiency (WUE), P. indica improved the WUE of colonized cucumber plants grown under moderate (26 L/kg) or severe stress (73 L/kg)”
e6“in comparison to non-colonized plants under the same level of moderate (43 L/kg) or severe (81 L/kg) water stress”
Claim · model-written summary
P. indica improved water-use efficiency of colonized cucumber under severe stress (73 L/kg), compared with non-colonized plants (81 L/kg).
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse5
- Treatment
- P. indicae5
- Interactor
- P. indicaSerendipita indicae5symbiont
- Outcome
- water-use efficiency (WUE)e5
- Direction
- improvede5
- Value
- 73 L/kge5
- Qualifier
- severe stresse5
- Comparator
- non-colonized plantse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“In terms of water-use efficiency (WUE), P. indica improved the WUE of colonized cucumber plants grown under moderate (26 L/kg) or severe stress (73 L/kg)”
e6“in comparison to non-colonized plants under the same level of moderate (43 L/kg) or severe (81 L/kg) water stress”
Claim · model-written summary
P. indica increased indole-3-acetic acid content in cucumber under both water-stress levels compared with non-stressed plants.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- P. indicae1
- Interactor
- P. indicaSerendipita indicae1symbiont
- Outcome
- indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- under both water-stress levelse1
- Comparator
- non-stressed plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in comparison to the optimum irrigation conditions of greenhouse cucumbers”
e1“P. indica increased the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content, activity levels of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) with an apparent clear reduction in the abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline contents and stomatal closure compared to non-stressed plants under both water-stress levels”
Claim · model-written summary
P. indica increased catalase and peroxidase activity in cucumber under both water-stress levels compared with non-stressed plants.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- P. indicae1
- Interactor
- P. indicaSerendipita indicae1symbiont
- Outcome
- activity levels of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD)e1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- under both water-stress levelse1
- Comparator
- non-stressed plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in comparison to the optimum irrigation conditions of greenhouse cucumbers”
e1“P. indica increased the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content, activity levels of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) with an apparent clear reduction in the abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline contents and stomatal closure compared to non-stressed plants under both water-stress levels”
Claim · model-written summary
P. indica showed an apparent clear reduction in abscisic acid, ethylene and malondialdehyde contents in cucumber under both water-stress levels.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- P. indicae1
- Interactor
- P. indicaSerendipita indicae1symbiont
- Outcome
- abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, malondialdehyde (MDA)e1
- Direction
- apparent clear reductione1
- Qualifier
- under both water-stress levelse1
- Comparator
- non-stressed plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in comparison to the optimum irrigation conditions of greenhouse cucumbers”
e1“P. indica increased the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content, activity levels of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) with an apparent clear reduction in the abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline contents and stomatal closure compared to non-stressed plants under both water-stress levels”
Claim · model-written summary
P. indica showed an apparent clear reduction in proline contents and stomatal closure in cucumber under both water-stress levels.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- P. indicae1
- Interactor
- P. indicaSerendipita indicae1symbiont
- Outcome
- proline contents and stomatal closuree1
- Direction
- apparent clear reductione1
- Qualifier
- under both water-stress levelse1
- Comparator
- non-stressed plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in comparison to the optimum irrigation conditions of greenhouse cucumbers”
e1“P. indica increased the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content, activity levels of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) with an apparent clear reduction in the abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline contents and stomatal closure compared to non-stressed plants under both water-stress levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll a, b and a+b contents increased in leaves of colonized cucumber under water-stress conditions.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Organ / stage
- leavese2
- Treatment
- water-stress conditionse2
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a, b, a + b contentse2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in comparison to the optimum irrigation conditions of greenhouse cucumbers”
e2“In addition, chlorophyll a, b, a + b contents were increased in the leaves of the colonized plants under water-stress conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
A significant increase in transcripts of chlorophyll biosynthesis genes (POR, CAO) was reported in colonized cucumber, possibly correlated with chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Gene
- PORe3
- Outcome
- transcripts of chlorophyll biosynthesis genese3
- Direction
- incremente3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in comparison to the optimum irrigation conditions of greenhouse cucumbers”
e3“This improvement in chlorophyll content could be correlated with a significant increment in the transcripts of chlorophyll biosynthesis genes (protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase [POR], chlorophyll a oxygenase [CAO])”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll degradation genes (PPH, PAO, RCCR) showed a reduction under P. indica colonization in cucumber.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Gene
- PPHe4
- Outcome
- chlorophyll degradation genese4
- Direction
- reductione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in comparison to the optimum irrigation conditions of greenhouse cucumbers”
e4“a reduction in the chlorophyll degradation genes (PPH, pheophorbide a oxygenase [PAO], and red chlorophyll catabolite reductase [RCCR])”
The same questions in other papers
Serendipita indica · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Serendipita indica · physiology: photosynthesis · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
drought · physiology: pigments · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
irrigation · yield · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results
52 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
67 papers more in this group
See all 71 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.