Abstract
Allelopathy is the effect of one plant species by reducing the germination and growth of the neighbouring plants of another species through releasing chemical compounds. It has been reported by many researchers that weeds are major hazard in reducing crop yield but it can be managed effectively through phytotoxic properties of plants. A field study was conducted at Students Experimental Farm, Agronomy Department, Crop Production Faculty, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, Pakistan during spring 2019 and repeated during 2020 to validate the previous results. The research conducted to evaluate the allelopathic potential of sunflower and Bermuda grass extracts under various irrigation levels on weeds density and yield of mungbean cultivar ‘AEM-96’. Split plot design having four replications was managed. The experiment consisted of weed control practices: Weedy check, various levels of sunflower and bermuda grass extracts as sole and in combination with each other, different levels of herbicides as alone and in integration with allelopathic plant extracts as well as hand weeding under three irrigation frequencies (2, 3 and 4 watering applications). The analysis variance of results showed that various levels of sunflower and bermuda grass extracts as sole and in combination with each other, different levels of herbicides as alone and in integration with allelopathic plant extracts as well as hand weeding caused significant suppression of weeds and increased in seed yield as compared to weedy check. The combined treatment Atlantis: 0.1 Ltr ha-1 + Puma Super: 0.156 Ltr ha-1 + Sunflower extract: 15 L ha-1 resulted in less weed density (51.6 m-2) and produced maximum seed yield of 2404.4 kgs ha-1. Bermuda grass extract: 15 Ltr ha-1 integration with low dose of herbicides Atlantis: 0.1 Ltr ha-1+ Puma Super: 0.156 Ltr ha-1 showed weed density of 61.3 m-2 resulted seed yield of 2282.1 kgs ha-1. The application of herbicides treatment Atlantis: 0.2 Ltr ha-1 + Puma Super: 0.312 Ltr ha-1 suppressed weed density of 70.9 m-2 and produced seed yield of 2162.5 kgs ha-1. It is noted that Hand weeding: 30 days after sowing showed weed density of 76.1 m-2 and seed yield 2042.5 kgs ha-1. The combined allelopathic plant applications of Sunflower +Bermuda grass extract each: 15 Ltr ha-1 reduced weed density 80.7 m-2 and obtained seed yield of 1923.2 kgs ha-1. Sole application of sunflower extract: 30 Ltr ha-1 resulted weed density 91.0 m-2 and recorded seed yield of 1804.2 kgs ha-1. Alone allelopathy application of Bermuda grass extract: 30 Ltr ha-1 noticed weed density 103.3 m-2 and produced seed yield of 1684.8 kgs ha-1. The highest weed density 140.9 m-2 and lowest seed yield 1343.1 kgs ha-1 noticed in weedy check treatment where no any application applied for weed reduction. According to irrigation frequencies the 4 watering applications resulted less weed density 82.2 m-2 and obtained maximum seed yield 1996.3 kgs ha-1 followed by 3 watering applications noted weed density 84.5 m-2 and achieved seed yield 1955.5 kgs ha-1. The maximum weed density 86.7 m-2 and lowest seed yield recorded in 2 watering application. The analysis of variance of pooled data revealed that Atlantis: 0.1 Ltr ha-1 + Puma Super: 0.156 Ltr ha-1 + Sunflower extract: 15 Ltr ha-1 integrated treatment under 4 watering applications (15, 30, 45 and 60 DAS) caused significant impact on weed inhabitation and yield enrichment
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
The combined Atlantis, Puma Super and sunflower extract treatment gave the lowest weed density of 51.6 m-2 in mungbean.
- Taxon
- mungbean
.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiatat0 - Treatment
- Atlantis: 0.1 Ltr ha-1 + Puma Super: 0.156 Ltr ha-1 + Sunflower extract: 15 L ha-1e2
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- weed densitye2
- Direction
- lesse2
- Value
- 51.6 m-2e2
- Qualifier
- produced maximum seed yield of 2404.4 kgs ha-1e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“mungbean”
e0“weeds are major hazard in reducing crop yield”
e2“The combined treatment Atlantis: 0.1 Ltr ha-1 + Puma Super: 0.156 Ltr ha-1 + Sunflower extract: 15 L ha-1 resulted in less weed density (51.6 m-2) and produced maximum seed yield of 2404.4 kgs ha-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Bermuda grass extract with low-dose herbicides gave weed density of 61.3 m-2 in mungbean.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Bermuda grass extract: 15 Ltr ha-1 integration with low dose of herbicides Atlantis: 0.1 Ltr ha-1+ Puma Super: 0.156 Ltr ha-1e3
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- weed densitye3
- Direction
- lowerinferrede3
- Value
- 61.3 m-2e3
- Qualifier
- resulted seed yield of 2282.1 kgs ha-1e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“mungbean”
e0“weeds are major hazard in reducing crop yield”
e3“Bermuda grass extract: 15 Ltr ha-1 integration with low dose of herbicides Atlantis: 0.1 Ltr ha-1+ Puma Super: 0.156 Ltr ha-1 showed weed density of 61.3 m-2 resulted seed yield of 2282.1 kgs ha-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Atlantis and Puma Super herbicide treatment suppressed weed density to 70.9 m-2 in mungbean.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Atlantis: 0.2 Ltr ha-1 + Puma Super: 0.312 Ltr ha-1e4
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- weed densitye4
- Direction
- suppressede4
- Value
- 70.9 m-2e4
- Qualifier
- produced seed yield of 2162.5 kgs ha-1e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“mungbean”
e0“weeds are major hazard in reducing crop yield”
e4“The application of herbicides treatment Atlantis: 0.2 Ltr ha-1 + Puma Super: 0.312 Ltr ha-1 suppressed weed density of 70.9 m-2 and produced seed yield of 2162.5 kgs ha-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Hand weeding at 30 days after sowing gave weed density of 76.1 m-2 in mungbean.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Hand weeding: 30 days after sowinge5
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- weed densitye5
- Direction
- lowerinferrede5
- Value
- 76.1 m-2e5
- Qualifier
- seed yield 2042.5 kgs ha-1e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“mungbean”
e0“weeds are major hazard in reducing crop yield”
e5“It is noted that Hand weeding: 30 days after sowing showed weed density of 76.1 m-2 and seed yield 2042.5 kgs ha-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower and Bermuda grass extracts applied together at 15 L ha-1 reduced weed density to 80.7 m-2 in mungbean.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Sunflower +Bermuda grass extract each: 15 Ltr ha-1e6
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- weed densitye6
- Direction
- reducede6
- Value
- 80.7 m-2e6
- Qualifier
- obtained seed yield of 1923.2 kgs ha-1e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“mungbean”
e0“weeds are major hazard in reducing crop yield”
e6“The combined allelopathic plant applications of Sunflower +Bermuda grass extract each: 15 Ltr ha-1 reduced weed density 80.7 m-2 and obtained seed yield of 1923.2 kgs ha-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower extract alone at 30 L ha-1 gave weed density of 91.0 m-2 in mungbean.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Sole application of sunflower extract: 30 Ltr ha-1e7
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- weed densitye7
- Direction
- lowerinferrede7
- Value
- 91.0 m-2e7
- Qualifier
- recorded seed yield of 1804.2 kgs ha-1e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“mungbean”
e0“weeds are major hazard in reducing crop yield”
e7“Sole application of sunflower extract: 30 Ltr ha-1 resulted weed density 91.0 m-2 and recorded seed yield of 1804.2 kgs ha-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Bermuda grass extract alone at 30 L ha-1 gave weed density of 103.3 m-2 in mungbean.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Alone allelopathy application of Bermuda grass extract: 30 Ltr ha-1e1
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- weed densitye1
- Direction
- lowerinferrede1
- Value
- 103.3 m-2e1
- Qualifier
- produced seed yield of 1684.8 kgs ha-1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“mungbean”
e0“weeds are major hazard in reducing crop yield”
e1“Alone allelopathy application of Bermuda grass extract: 30 Ltr ha-1 noticed weed density 103.3 m-2 and produced seed yield of 1684.8 kgs ha-1”
Claim · model-written summary
The weedy check had the highest weed density of 140.9 m-2 and the lowest seed yield in mungbean.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- weedy check treatmente1
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- weed densitye1
- Value
- 140.9 m-2e1
- Qualifier
- lowest seed yield 1343.1 kgs ha-1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“mungbean”
e0“weeds are major hazard in reducing crop yield”
e1“The highest weed density 140.9 m-2 and lowest seed yield 1343.1 kgs ha-1 noticed in weedy check treatment where no any application applied for weed reduction”
Claim · model-written summary
Four watering applications gave weed density of 82.2 m-2 and the highest seed yield among irrigation frequencies in mungbean.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- 4 watering applicationse1
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- weed densitye1
- Direction
- lesse1
- Value
- 82.2 m-2e1
- Qualifier
- obtained maximum seed yield 1996.3 kgs ha-1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“mungbean”
e0“weeds are major hazard in reducing crop yield”
e1“the 4 watering applications resulted less weed density 82.2 m-2 and obtained maximum seed yield 1996.3 kgs ha-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Three watering applications gave weed density of 84.5 m-2 in mungbean.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- 3 watering applicationse1
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- weed densitye1
- Direction
- lowerinferrede1
- Value
- 84.5 m-2e1
- Qualifier
- achieved seed yield 1955.5 kgs ha-1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“mungbean”
e0“weeds are major hazard in reducing crop yield”
e1“3 watering applications noted weed density 84.5 m-2 and achieved seed yield 1955.5 kgs ha-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Two watering applications gave the maximum weed density of 86.7 m-2 and the lowest seed yield in mungbean.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- 2 watering applicatione1
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- weed densitye1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 86.7 m-2e1
- Qualifier
- lowest seed yield recordede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“mungbean”
e0“weeds are major hazard in reducing crop yield”
e1“The maximum weed density 86.7 m-2 and lowest seed yield recorded in 2 watering application”
Claim · model-written summary
The integrated Atlantis, Puma Super and sunflower extract treatment under four watering applications significantly reduced weed inhabitation and increased yield enrichment in mungbean.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Atlantis: 0.1 Ltr ha-1 + Puma Super: 0.156 Ltr ha-1 + Sunflower extract: 15 Ltr ha-1e1
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- weed inhabitation and yield enrichmente1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“mungbean”
e0“weeds are major hazard in reducing crop yield”
e1“The analysis of variance of pooled data revealed that Atlantis: 0.1 Ltr ha-1 + Puma Super: 0.156 Ltr ha-1 + Sunflower extract: 15 Ltr ha-1 integrated treatment under 4 watering applications (15, 30, 45 and 60 DAS) caused significant impact on weed inhabitation and yield enrichment”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · weed · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →herbicide · weed · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results agree
72 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
69 papers more in this group
See all 73 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.