Abstract
Papaya fruit disease has not been known with certainty the cause of the disease, and until now the appropriate control strategy has not been determined. The results of microscopic identification of rot disease in papaya fruit caused by the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae. The most exophytic fungi found in the study were Rhizopus sp. as many as 69 isolates, followed by Aspergillus niger as many as 6 isolates, only Actinomyces israelii only 6 isolates while the other Actinomycetes (Actinomadura cremea, Streptomeces sp., and Micromonospora sp.) each had one isolate. While the endophytic fungi were found Rhizopus sp. as many as 30 isolates, followed by A. niger with 18 isolates, and finally Agromyces ramosus (Actinomycetes) and Trichoderma sp, each with 3 isolates. The highest prevalence was obtained from the fungus Rhizopus sp. The diversity index and the dominance index on exophytic microbes were 2.45 and 0.4078, respectively. The index of diversity and dominance of endophytic microbes were 1.876 and 0.58, respectively. The results of the analysis of the inhibitory power of exophytic and endophytic microbes in vitro, it turns out that almost all have competitive inhibition as well as Trichoderma sp. which has a zone of inhibition means that it is antibiotic and also competitive. Most Actinomycetes have no inhibitory power against pathogens (L.theobromae). The results of the in vivo inhibition test showed that the highest and best inhibitory power was obtained from treatment E (Trichoderma sp.).
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Microscopic identification attributed papaya fruit rot to Lasiodiplodia theobromae.
- Taxon
- papaya
_-_DPLA_-_55200ec009622d7d42349f3583df310e.jpg?width=60)
Carica papayae0 - Organ / stage
- fruite0
- Interactor
- Lasiodiplodia theobromae
_Lasiodiplodia_theobromae_sporulating_in_fruit_lesion.jpg?width=60)
Lasiodiplodia theobromaee0pathogen - Outcome
- rot diseasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_-_DPLA_-_55200ec009622d7d42349f3583df310e.jpg?width=500)
_Lasiodiplodia_theobromae_sporulating_in_fruit_lesion.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“rot disease in papaya fruit caused by the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizopus sp. was the most frequent exophytic fungus, with 69 isolates.
- Taxon
- PapayaCarica papayat0
- Outcome
- exophytic fungie0
- Value
- 69 isolatese0
_spores%2C_which_is_green_using_Light_Microscope%2C_Normal_image_without_any_coloring_or_processing_By_researcher_El_sayed_Al_gayar%2C_Faculty_of_Agriculture_Damietta_University.jpg?width=60){kind=small}
RhizopusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_spores%2C_which_is_green_using_Light_Microscope%2C_Normal_image_without_any_coloring_or_processing_By_researcher_El_sayed_Al_gayar%2C_Faculty_of_Agriculture_Damietta_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The most exophytic fungi found in the study were Rhizopus sp. as many as 69 isolates”
t0“Papaya”
Claim · model-written summary
Aspergillus niger had six exophytic isolates.
- Taxon
- PapayaCarica papayat0
- Interactor
- Aspergillus niger
Aspergillus nigere0other - Outcome
- isolatese0
- Value
- 6 isolatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aspergillus niger as many as 6 isolates”
t0“Papaya”
Claim · model-written summary
Actinomyces israelii had six exophytic isolates.
- Taxon
- PapayaCarica papayat0
- Interactor
- Actinomyces israelii
Actinomyces israeliie0other - Outcome
- isolatese0
- Value
- 6 isolatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Actinomyces israelii only 6 isolates”
t0“Papaya”
Claim · model-written summary
Actinomadura cremea had one exophytic isolate.
- Taxon
- PapayaCarica papayat0
- Interactor
- Actinomadura cremeaActinomadura cremeae0other
- Outcome
- isolatee0
- Value
- one isolatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Actinomadura cremea, Streptomeces sp., and Micromonospora sp.) each had one isolate”
t0“Papaya”
Claim · model-written summary
Streptomeces sp. had one exophytic isolate.
- Taxon
- PapayaCarica papayat0
- Interactor
- Streptomeces sp.e0other
- Outcome
- isolatee0
- Value
- one isolatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Actinomadura cremea, Streptomeces sp., and Micromonospora sp.) each had one isolate”
t0“Papaya”
Claim · model-written summary
Micromonospora sp. had one exophytic isolate.
- Taxon
- PapayaCarica papayat0
- Interactor
- Micromonospora sp.
Micromonosporae0other - Outcome
- isolatee0
- Value
- one isolatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Actinomadura cremea, Streptomeces sp., and Micromonospora sp.) each had one isolate”
t0“Papaya”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizopus sp. had 30 endophytic isolates.
- Taxon
- PapayaCarica papayat0
- Outcome
- endophytic fungie0
- Value
- 30 isolatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“endophytic fungi were found Rhizopus sp. as many as 30 isolates”
t0“Papaya”
Claim · model-written summary
A. niger had 18 endophytic isolates.
- Taxon
- PapayaCarica papayat0
- Interactor
- A. nigerAspergillus nigere0other
- Outcome
- isolatese0
- Value
- 18 isolatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. niger with 18 isolates”
t0“Papaya”
Claim · model-written summary
Agromyces ramosus had three endophytic isolates.
- Taxon
- PapayaCarica papayat0
- Interactor
- Agromyces ramosusAgromyces ramosuse0other
- Outcome
- isolatese0
- Value
- 3 isolatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Agromyces ramosus (Actinomycetes) and Trichoderma sp, each with 3 isolates”
t0“Papaya”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma sp had three endophytic isolates.
- Taxon
- PapayaCarica papayat0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma sp
Trichodermae0other - Outcome
- isolatese0
- Value
- 3 isolatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Agromyces ramosus (Actinomycetes) and Trichoderma sp, each with 3 isolates”
t0“Papaya”
Claim · model-written summary
Exophytic microbes had diversity index 2.45.
- Taxon
- PapayaCarica papayat0
- Outcome
- diversity indexe0
- Value
- 2.45e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The diversity index and the dominance index on exophytic microbes were 2.45 and 0.4078, respectively”
t0“Papaya”
Claim · model-written summary
Exophytic microbes had dominance index 0.4078.
- Taxon
- PapayaCarica papayat0
- Outcome
- dominance indexe0
- Value
- 0.4078e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The diversity index and the dominance index on exophytic microbes were 2.45 and 0.4078, respectively”
t0“Papaya”
Claim · model-written summary
Endophytic microbes had diversity index 1.876.
- Taxon
- PapayaCarica papayat0
- Outcome
- index of diversitye0
- Value
- 1.876e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The index of diversity and dominance of endophytic microbes were 1.876 and 0.58, respectively”
t0“Papaya”
Claim · model-written summary
Endophytic microbes had dominance index 0.58.
- Taxon
- PapayaCarica papayat0
- Outcome
- dominancee0
- Value
- 0.58e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The index of diversity and dominance of endophytic microbes were 1.876 and 0.58, respectively”
t0“Papaya”
Claim · model-written summary
Nearly all exophytic and endophytic microbes competitively inhibited the rot pathogen in vitro.
- Taxon
- PapayaCarica papayat0
- Outcome
- competitive inhibitione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“almost all have competitive inhibition”
t0“Papaya”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma sp. produced an inhibition zone and showed antibiotic and competitive activity.
- Taxon
- PapayaCarica papayat0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma sp.Trichodermae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- zone of inhibitione0
- Qualifier
- antibiotic and also competitivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trichoderma sp. which has a zone of inhibition means that it is antibiotic and also competitive”
t0“Papaya”
Claim · model-written summary
Most Actinomycetes did not inhibit L.theobromae.
- Taxon
- PapayaCarica papayat0
- Interactor
- L.theobromaeLasiodiplodia theobromaee0pathogen
- Second interactor
- ActinomycetesActinomycetese0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- inhibitory powere0
- Direction
- noe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Most Actinomycetes have no inhibitory power against pathogens (L.theobromae)”
t0“Papaya”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment E using Trichoderma sp. had the highest in vivo inhibitory power.
- Taxon
- PapayaCarica papayat0
- Treatment
- treatment E (Trichoderma sp.)e0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma sp.Trichodermae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- inhibitory powere0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results of the in vivo inhibition test showed that the highest and best inhibitory power was obtained from treatment E (Trichoderma sp.)”
t0“Papaya”