Abstract
Phosphorus (P) deficiency is a common challenge in crop production because of its poor mobility through the soil. The root system plays a significant role in P absorption from the soil and is the initial indicator of low P levels. However, the phenotypic dynamics and longevity of cotton roots under P stress remain unknown. In this study, RhizoPot, an improvised in situ root observation device, was used to monitor the dynamics of root phenotypes of cotton seedlings under P-deficient (PD) and P-replete (PR) conditions. Low P stress reduced P absorption and accumulation in the roots, leading to low dry weight accumulation. Cotton seedlings responded to low P stress by increasing the number of lateral roots, specific root length, branch density, root length density, and length of root hairs. Additionally, the life span of root hairs was prolonged. Low P stress also reduced the average diameter of roots, promoted root extension, expanded the root coverage area, and increased the range of P acquisition. Principal component analysis revealed that the net root growth rate, root length density, root dry weight, P absorption efficiency, average root hair length, and taproot daily growth significantly influenced the cotton root architecture. Collectively, these results show that low P stress reduces the net growth rate of cotton seedling roots and restricts plant growth. Plants respond to P deficiency by extending the life span of root hairs and increasing specific root length and lateral root branch density. This change in root system architecture improves the adaptability of plants to low P conditions. The findings of this study may guide the selection of cotton varieties with efficient P utilization.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Low phosphorus reduced root phosphorus absorption and accumulation.
- Taxon
- cotton seedlings
Gossypium hirsutume1 - Treatment
- Low P stresse0
- Outcome
- P absorption and accumulation in the rootse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- P-replete (PR) conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low P stress reduced P absorption and accumulation in the roots”
e1“cotton seedlings under P-deficient (PD) and P-replete (PR) conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Low phosphorus reduced dry weight accumulation.
- Taxon
- cotton seedlingsGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- low P stresse2
- Outcome
- dry weight accumulatione0
- Direction
- lowe0
- Comparator
- P-replete (PR) conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leading to low dry weight accumulation”
e1“cotton seedlings under P-deficient (PD) and P-replete (PR) conditions”
e2“Low P stress reduced P absorption and accumulation in the roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Low phosphorus increased lateral root number, specific root length and branch density.
- Taxon
- Cotton seedlingsGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- low P stresse0
- Outcome
- number of lateral roots, specific root length, branch densitye0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Comparator
- P-replete (PR) conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cotton seedlings responded to low P stress by increasing the number of lateral roots, specific root length, branch density”
e1“cotton seedlings under P-deficient (PD) and P-replete (PR) conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Low phosphorus increased root length density and root hair length.
- Taxon
- Cotton seedlingsGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- low P stresse1
- Outcome
- root length density, and length of root hairse0
- Direction
- increasinge1
- Comparator
- P-replete (PR) conditionse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root length density, and length of root hairs”
e1“Cotton seedlings responded to low P stress by increasing”
e2“cotton seedlings under P-deficient (PD) and P-replete (PR) conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Low phosphorus prolonged root hair life span.
- Taxon
- cotton seedlingsGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- P-deficient (PD)e1
- Outcome
- life span of root hairse0
- Direction
- prolongede0
- Comparator
- P-replete (PR) conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the life span of root hairs was prolonged”
e1“cotton seedlings under P-deficient (PD) and P-replete (PR) conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Low phosphorus reduced average root diameter.
- Taxon
- cotton seedlingsGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- Low P stresse0
- Outcome
- average diameter of rootse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- P-replete (PR) conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low P stress also reduced the average diameter of roots”
e1“cotton seedlings under P-deficient (PD) and P-replete (PR) conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Low phosphorus promoted root extension and expanded root coverage.
- Taxon
- cotton seedlingsGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- Low P stresse2
- Outcome
- root extension, expanded the root coverage areae0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Comparator
- P-replete (PR) conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promoted root extension, expanded the root coverage area”
e1“cotton seedlings under P-deficient (PD) and P-replete (PR) conditions”
e2“Low P stress also reduced the average diameter of roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Low phosphorus increased the range of phosphorus acquisition.
- Taxon
- cotton seedlingsGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- Low P stresse2
- Outcome
- range of P acquisitione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- P-replete (PR) conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased the range of P acquisition”
e1“cotton seedlings under P-deficient (PD) and P-replete (PR) conditions”
e2“Low P stress also reduced the average diameter of roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Six measured root traits significantly influenced cotton root architecture in principal component analysis.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Outcome
- root architecturee0
- Qualifier
- Principal component analysise1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the net root growth rate, root length density, root dry weight, P absorption efficiency, average root hair length, and taproot daily growth significantly influenced the cotton root architecture”
e1“Principal component analysis revealed that”
Claim · model-written summary
Low phosphorus reduced net root growth rate and restricted plant growth.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- low P stresse0
- Outcome
- net growth rate of cotton seedling roots and restricts plant growthe0
- Direction
- reducese0
- Comparator
- P-replete (PR) conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low P stress reduces the net growth rate of cotton seedling roots and restricts plant growth”
e1“cotton seedlings under P-deficient (PD) and P-replete (PR) conditions”
The same questions in other papers
phosphorus · nutrient: content · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results differ
21 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
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See all 33 papers →phosphorus · growth · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
26 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- negative
32 papers more in this group
See all 36 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.