Abstract
Phenolic compounds are considered one of the most important secondary metabolites categories in plant that involved in allelopathic effect. Allelopathy is a chemical interaction between plants and could be defined as the stimulatory or inhibitory effects of a plant on the growth of another plant through the release of secondary compounds. The phenolic compounds, in orange juice peel waste (ORPW), olive oil mill waste (OLMW) and mango leaves waste (MLW), were extracted, then identified and determined by HPLC. The allelopathic effect of ORPW, OLMW and MLW aqueous extracts, at successive concentrations, was examined on germination and growth of two weed species (Phalaris minor Retz. and Malva parviflora L.) in petri dishes and pots bioassays. The main detected phenolic compounds were ferulic, chrysin, sinapic, p-hydroxybenzoic, quercetin and rosmarinic in ORPW extract, vanillic, cateachin, rutin, protocatechuic and gallic in MLW extract, and gallic, p-coumaric, protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic and ferulic in OLMW extract. The aqueous extracts of ORPW recorded the highest concentration of phenolic compounds and were the most effective in inhibition the germination and growth of both weed species followed by MLW and OLMW in petri dishes and pots trails. It can be concluded that the aqueous extracts of ORPW and MLW wastes have high contents of phenolic acids and could be utilized in controlling weeds as natural herbicides.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Orange peel waste extract contained ferulic, chrysin and sinapic as main detected phenolics.
- Outcome
- ferulic, chrysin, sinapice0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The main detected phenolic compounds were ferulic, chrysin, sinapic, p-hydroxybenzoic, quercetin and rosmarinic in ORPW extract”
t0“in orange juice peel waste (ORPW)”
Claim · model-written summary
Orange peel waste extract contained p-hydroxybenzoic, quercetin and rosmarinic as main phenolics.
- Outcome
- p-hydroxybenzoic, quercetin and rosmarinice0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“p-hydroxybenzoic, quercetin and rosmarinic in ORPW extract”
Claim · model-written summary
Mango leaf waste extract contained vanillic, cateachin and rutin as main phenolics.
- Outcome
- vanillic, cateachin, rutine0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“vanillic, cateachin, rutin, protocatechuic and gallic in MLW extract”
Claim · model-written summary
Mango leaf waste extract contained protocatechuic and gallic as main phenolics.
- Outcome
- protocatechuic and gallice0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“protocatechuic and gallic in MLW extract”
Claim · model-written summary
Olive mill waste extract contained gallic, p-coumaric and protocatechuic as main phenolics.
- Outcome
- gallic, p-coumaric, protocatechuice0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“gallic, p-coumaric, protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic and ferulic in OLMW extract”
Claim · model-written summary
Olive mill waste extract contained p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic and ferulic as main phenolics.
- Outcome
- p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic and ferulice0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic and ferulic in OLMW extract”
Claim · model-written summary
Orange peel waste extract had the highest phenolic concentration.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The aqueous extracts of ORPW recorded the highest concentration of phenolic compounds”
Claim · model-written summary
Orange peel waste extract inhibited germination of Phalaris minor more than mango leaf and olive mill extracts.
- Taxon
- Phalaris minor Retz.
.jpg?width=60)
Phalaris minore1 - Treatment
- aqueous extracts of ORPWe0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- most effective in inhibitione0
- Comparator
- MLW and OLMWe0
- Setting
- petri dishes and pots trailse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The aqueous extracts of ORPW recorded the highest concentration of phenolic compounds and were the most effective in inhibition the germination and growth of both weed species followed by MLW and OLMW in petri dishes and pots trails”
e1“Phalaris minor Retz. and Malva parviflora L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Orange peel waste extract inhibited growth of Phalaris minor more than mango leaf and olive mill extracts.
- Taxon
- Phalaris minor Retz.Phalaris minore1
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- most effective in inhibitione0
- Comparator
- MLW and OLMWe0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were the most effective in inhibition the germination and growth of both weed species followed by MLW and OLMW in petri dishes and pots trails”
e1“Phalaris minor Retz. and Malva parviflora L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Orange peel waste extract inhibited germination and growth of Malva parviflora more than mango leaf and olive mill extracts.
- Taxon
- Malva parviflora L.
_Malva_parviflora_-_Habitus.jpg?width=60)
Malva parviflorae1 - Treatment
- aqueous extracts of ORPWe0
- Outcome
- germination and growthe0
- Direction
- most effective in inhibitione0
- Comparator
- MLW and OLMWe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Malva_parviflora_-_Habitus.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The aqueous extracts of ORPW recorded the highest concentration of phenolic compounds and were the most effective in inhibition the germination and growth of both weed species followed by MLW and OLMW in petri dishes and pots trails”
e1“Phalaris minor Retz. and Malva parviflora L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose orange peel and mango leaf waste extracts as natural weed herbicides.
- Outcome
- controlling weeds as natural herbicidese0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the aqueous extracts of ORPW and MLW wastes have high contents of phenolic acids and could be utilized in controlling weeds as natural herbicides”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · growth · Phalaris minor (littleseed canarygrass)Positive and negative results
15 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.