Paper · 1970 · Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science

Effects of Cycocel, Moisture Stress and Pinching on Growth and Flowering of F1 Hybrid Geraniums (Pelargonium × hortorum Bailey)1

John W. White

9
claims
19
verbatim quotes
6
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by-nc-nd

Abstract

Abstract Cycocel applied as a 5000 ppm soil drench 31 days after sowing reduced height 8 to 10 cm and caused 8 to 16 days earlier flowering of F 1 geranium ‘Carefree Scarlet’ when compared with plants which had not been treated with Cycocel. Manually irrigated plants were shorter, flowered earlier, and were more compact, as measured by fresh weight, than automatically irrigated plants for this Cycocel treatment. Pinched plants were short and well branched but so much delayed in flowering that this method of height reduction would not be acceptable for commercial use.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-nd. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 9

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Cycocel applied as a 5000 ppm soil drench 31 days after sowing reduced geranium height by 8 to 10 cm compared with untreated plants.

Taxon
geraniumGeraniume2
Material
Carefree Scarlete2
Treatment
Cycocel applied as a 5000 ppm soil drench 31 days after sowinge1
Outcome
heighte1
Direction
reducede1
Value
8 to 10 cme1
Comparator
plants which had not been treated with Cycocele2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Geranium
Geranium · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Alvesgaspar · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Cycocel applied as a 5000 ppm soil drench 31 days after sowing reduced height 8 to 10 cm”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–97 · show in text ↑
e2

“caused 8 to 16 days earlier flowering of F 1 geranium ‘Carefree Scarlet’ when compared with plants which had not been treated with Cycocel”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 102–240 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Cycocel caused flowering of geranium to occur 8 to 16 days earlier than in untreated plants.

Taxon
geraniumGeraniume2
Material
Carefree Scarlete2
Treatment
Cycocel applied as a 5000 ppm soil drench 31 days after sowinge1
Outcome
floweringe2
Direction
earliere2
Value
8 to 16 dayse2
Comparator
plants which had not been treated with Cycocele2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Geranium
Geranium · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Alvesgaspar · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Cycocel applied as a 5000 ppm soil drench 31 days after sowing reduced height 8 to 10 cm”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–97 · show in text ↑
e2

“caused 8 to 16 days earlier flowering of F 1 geranium ‘Carefree Scarlet’ when compared with plants which had not been treated with Cycocel”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 102–240 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Manually irrigated Cycocel-treated geranium plants were shorter than automatically irrigated plants.

Taxon
geraniumGeraniume2
Treatment
Manually irrigatede3
Outcome
heighte1
Direction
shortere3
Comparator
automatically irrigated plantse3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Geranium
Geranium · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Alvesgaspar · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Cycocel applied as a 5000 ppm soil drench 31 days after sowing reduced height 8 to 10 cm”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–97 · show in text ↑
e2

“caused 8 to 16 days earlier flowering of F 1 geranium ‘Carefree Scarlet’ when compared with plants which had not been treated with Cycocel”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 102–240 · show in text ↑
e3

“Manually irrigated plants were shorter, flowered earlier, and were more compact, as measured by fresh weight, than automatically irrigated plants for this Cycocel treatment”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 242–414 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Manually irrigated Cycocel-treated geranium plants flowered earlier than automatically irrigated plants.

Taxon
geraniumGeraniume2
Treatment
Manually irrigatede3
Outcome
flowerede3
Direction
earliere3
Comparator
automatically irrigated plantse3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Geranium
Geranium · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Alvesgaspar · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e2

“caused 8 to 16 days earlier flowering of F 1 geranium ‘Carefree Scarlet’ when compared with plants which had not been treated with Cycocel”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 102–240 · show in text ↑
e3

“Manually irrigated plants were shorter, flowered earlier, and were more compact, as measured by fresh weight, than automatically irrigated plants for this Cycocel treatment”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 242–414 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Manually irrigated Cycocel-treated geranium plants were more compact than automatically irrigated plants, as measured by fresh weight.

Taxon
geraniumGeraniume2
Treatment
Manually irrigatede3
Outcome
compacte3
Direction
more compacte3
Qualifier
as measured by fresh weighte3
Comparator
automatically irrigated plantse3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Geranium
Geranium · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Alvesgaspar · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e2

“caused 8 to 16 days earlier flowering of F 1 geranium ‘Carefree Scarlet’ when compared with plants which had not been treated with Cycocel”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 102–240 · show in text ↑
e3

“Manually irrigated plants were shorter, flowered earlier, and were more compact, as measured by fresh weight, than automatically irrigated plants for this Cycocel treatment”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 242–414 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Pinched geranium plants were short.

Taxon
geraniumGeraniume2
Treatment
Pinchede4
Outcome
heighte4
Direction
shorte4

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Geranium
Geranium · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Alvesgaspar · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e2

“caused 8 to 16 days earlier flowering of F 1 geranium ‘Carefree Scarlet’ when compared with plants which had not been treated with Cycocel”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 102–240 · show in text ↑
e4

“Pinched plants were short and well branched but so much delayed in flowering that this method of height reduction would not be acceptable for commercial use”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 416–572 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Pinched geranium plants were short and well branched.

Taxon
geraniumGeraniume2
Treatment
Pinchede4
Outcome
well branchede4

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Geranium
Geranium · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Alvesgaspar · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e2

“caused 8 to 16 days earlier flowering of F 1 geranium ‘Carefree Scarlet’ when compared with plants which had not been treated with Cycocel”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 102–240 · show in text ↑
e4

“Pinched plants were short and well branched but so much delayed in flowering that this method of height reduction would not be acceptable for commercial use”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 416–572 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Pinching delayed flowering of geranium.

Taxon
geraniumGeraniume2
Treatment
Pinchede4
Outcome
floweringe4
Direction
delayede4

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Geranium
Geranium · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Alvesgaspar · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e2

“caused 8 to 16 days earlier flowering of F 1 geranium ‘Carefree Scarlet’ when compared with plants which had not been treated with Cycocel”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 102–240 · show in text ↑
e4

“Pinched plants were short and well branched but so much delayed in flowering that this method of height reduction would not be acceptable for commercial use”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 416–572 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultnegativebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors judge that pinching for height reduction is not acceptable for commercial use of geranium.

Taxon
geraniumGeraniume2
Outcome
height reductione4
Qualifier
would not be acceptable for commercial usee4

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Geranium
Geranium · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Alvesgaspar · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e2

“caused 8 to 16 days earlier flowering of F 1 geranium ‘Carefree Scarlet’ when compared with plants which had not been treated with Cycocel”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 102–240 · show in text ↑
e4

“Pinched plants were short and well branched but so much delayed in flowering that this method of height reduction would not be acceptable for commercial use”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 416–572 · show in text ↑

chlormequat chloride · phenology · GeraniumResults differ

7 papers: 5 positive, 2 negative or no effect

4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. no effect
  3. negative

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application · phenology · GeraniumPositive and negative results

5 papers: 2 positive, 3 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

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irrigation · growth · GeraniumPositive and negative results

8 papers: 5 positive, 3 negative or no effect

4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. negative

4 papers more in this group

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application · growth · GeraniumPositive and negative results

13 papers: 9 positive, 4 negative or no effect

8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. negative

9 papers more in this group

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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.