Abstract
The appropriate application method was specified using integrative soil and leafy application of NPK fertilizers to sandy soil by studying their effects on growth and yield components, contents of some osmoprotectants, antioxidants and nutrients in hot pepper plant “Top Star Hybrid”. A pot experiment was created with five NPK application treatments. The integrative treatment of “50% of NPK added to the soil + 50% of NPK added as foliar spray” was the best comparing with other integrative ones [e.g., “100% of NPK added to the soil + foliar spray with distilled water (control)”, “75% of NPK added to the soil + 25% of NPK added as foliar spray”, “25% of NPK added to the soil + 75% of NPK added as foliar spray”, and “NPK fertilizers have not been added to the soil + 100% of NPK added as foliar spray”]. This best treatment significantly increased the components of growth (leaf area plant‒1 , shoot fresh and dry weights) and yield (number of fruits plant‒1 , average fruit weight, and fruits weight plant‒1 ), and the contents of soluble sugars, free proline, and nutrients (N, P, and K), while significantly reduced the contents of ascorbate and glutathione compared to other integrative treatments, including the control. The integrative treatment of “75% of NPK added to the soil + 25% of NPK added as foliar spray” was occupied the second order with respect to all tested parameters. The obtained results recommend the integrative treatment of “50% of NPK added to the soil + 50% of NPK added as foliar spray” for sandy soil to minimize nutrient loss and for higher growth and yield of hot pepper plants.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
The 50% soil plus 50% foliar NPK treatment increased leaf area and shoot fresh and dry weights of hot pepper compared with other integrative treatments.
- Taxon
- hot pepper plant
Capsicum frutescense3 - Treatment
- 50% of NPK added to the soil + 50% of NPK added as foliar spraye1
- Outcome
- leaf area plant‒1 , shoot fresh and dry weightse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Comparator
- other integrative treatments, including the controle2
- Setting
- pot experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pot experiment was created with five NPK application treatments”
e1“The integrative treatment of “50% of NPK added to the soil + 50% of NPK added as foliar spray” was the best comparing with other integrative ones”
e2“This best treatment significantly increased the components of growth (leaf area plant‒1 , shoot fresh and dry weights) and yield (number of fruits plant‒1 , average fruit weight, and fruits weight plant‒1 ), and the contents of soluble sugars, free proline, and nutrients (N, P, and K), while significantly reduced the contents of ascorbate and glutathione compared to other integrative treatments, including the control”
e3“in hot pepper plant “Top Star Hybrid””
Claim · model-written summary
The 50% soil plus 50% foliar NPK treatment increased fruit number, average fruit weight and fruit weight per plant of hot pepper compared with other integrative treatments.
- Taxon
- hot pepper plantCapsicum frutescense3
- Treatment
- 50% of NPK added to the soil + 50% of NPK added as foliar spraye1
- Outcome
- number of fruits plant‒1 , average fruit weight, and fruits weight plant‒1e2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Comparator
- other integrative treatments, including the controle2
- Setting
- pot experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pot experiment was created with five NPK application treatments”
e1“The integrative treatment of “50% of NPK added to the soil + 50% of NPK added as foliar spray” was the best comparing with other integrative ones”
e2“This best treatment significantly increased the components of growth (leaf area plant‒1 , shoot fresh and dry weights) and yield (number of fruits plant‒1 , average fruit weight, and fruits weight plant‒1 ), and the contents of soluble sugars, free proline, and nutrients (N, P, and K), while significantly reduced the contents of ascorbate and glutathione compared to other integrative treatments, including the control”
e3“in hot pepper plant “Top Star Hybrid””
Claim · model-written summary
The 50% soil plus 50% foliar NPK treatment increased soluble sugars, free proline and nutrient contents of hot pepper compared with other integrative treatments.
- Taxon
- hot pepper plantCapsicum frutescense3
- Treatment
- 50% of NPK added to the soil + 50% of NPK added as foliar spraye1
- Outcome
- soluble sugars, free proline, and nutrientse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Comparator
- other integrative treatments, including the controle2
- Setting
- pot experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pot experiment was created with five NPK application treatments”
e1“The integrative treatment of “50% of NPK added to the soil + 50% of NPK added as foliar spray” was the best comparing with other integrative ones”
e2“This best treatment significantly increased the components of growth (leaf area plant‒1 , shoot fresh and dry weights) and yield (number of fruits plant‒1 , average fruit weight, and fruits weight plant‒1 ), and the contents of soluble sugars, free proline, and nutrients (N, P, and K), while significantly reduced the contents of ascorbate and glutathione compared to other integrative treatments, including the control”
e3“in hot pepper plant “Top Star Hybrid””
Claim · model-written summary
The 50% soil plus 50% foliar NPK treatment reduced ascorbate and glutathione contents of hot pepper compared with other integrative treatments.
- Taxon
- hot pepper plantCapsicum frutescense3
- Treatment
- 50% of NPK added to the soil + 50% of NPK added as foliar spraye1
- Outcome
- contents of ascorbate and glutathionee2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Comparator
- other integrative treatments, including the controle2
- Setting
- pot experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pot experiment was created with five NPK application treatments”
e1“The integrative treatment of “50% of NPK added to the soil + 50% of NPK added as foliar spray” was the best comparing with other integrative ones”
e2“This best treatment significantly increased the components of growth (leaf area plant‒1 , shoot fresh and dry weights) and yield (number of fruits plant‒1 , average fruit weight, and fruits weight plant‒1 ), and the contents of soluble sugars, free proline, and nutrients (N, P, and K), while significantly reduced the contents of ascorbate and glutathione compared to other integrative treatments, including the control”
e3“in hot pepper plant “Top Star Hybrid””
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend the 50% soil plus 50% foliar NPK treatment for sandy soil for higher growth and yield of hot pepper.
- Taxon
- hot pepper plantsCapsicum frutescense4
- Treatment
- 50% of NPK added to the soil + 50% of NPK added as foliar spraye4
- Outcome
- higher growth and yielde4
- Setting
- sandy soile4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The obtained results recommend the integrative treatment of “50% of NPK added to the soil + 50% of NPK added as foliar spray” for sandy soil to minimize nutrient loss and for higher growth and yield of hot pepper plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The 75% soil plus 25% foliar NPK treatment ranked second for all tested parameters.
- Taxon
- hot pepper plantCapsicum frutescense3
- Treatment
- 75% of NPK added to the soil + 25% of NPK added as foliar spraye5
- Outcome
- all tested parameterse5
- Direction
- second ordere5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The integrative treatment of “75% of NPK added to the soil + 25% of NPK added as foliar spray” was occupied the second order with respect to all tested parameters”
e3“in hot pepper plant “Top Star Hybrid””
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