Abstract
Intensive cultivation system suffers from production fatigue caused by declining soil organic matter, multi-nutrient deficiencies and diminishing factor productivity. A long term field experiment (2015-16 to 2018-19) was conducted to determine the impact of sole and integrated application of farm yard manure (FYM) and Chemical fertilizer (RDF); sole organic fertilizer (OF), chemical fertilizers (RDF) and potassium phosphate (RPK) while half dose of chemical fertilizer with full and half dose of organic fertilizer (HDF+OF and HDF+HOF) as well as the RPK with nitrogen foliar (RPK+NF) as integrated fertilizer options and controlled (CK) on soil properties, plant growth characteristics and crop productivity in completely randomized design (CRD). The long-term fertilizer results revealed that the organic and integrated fertilizer options significantly enhanced plant growth characteristics, yield and seed quality. The yield trends were positive (p ≤ 0.05) under all organic fertilizers but, integrated fertilizer (HDF+OF) significantly increased plant height, branches/plant, root length, disease resistance, siliqua/plant, siliqua length, seeds/siliqua, 1000 seed weight, and seed yield. The annual seed yield obtained from the field fertilized with (HDF+OF) were 10, 12, 18 and 22% more than that of the field fertilized with chemical fertilizer, respectively during four years of study. Oil, protein, glucosinolates and acids contents in seed also increased with organic fertilizer. Eruca plant leaves fertilized with (HDF+OF) contained higher bioactive substance concentrations as L-ascorbic acid (119.36±0.48 mg 100g-1 FM), chlorophyll (0.73±0.01 mg 100g-1 FM), glucosinolates (17.18±0.09 µmol g-1 DM), flavonoid (0.90±0.00 g 100g-1 DM) and essential oil (0.16±0.00 ml 100g-1 DM). Integrated fertilizers proved to be more beneficial due to improved nutritional contents and energy values in eruca sativa leaves. The senescence was effectively delayed throughout the storage period of 0 and 5°C. Compared with chemical fertilizers, the organic fertilizers significantly improved bulk density and soil chemical health (SOC, NO3-N, NH4-N, P, K, S, Zn contents). Keywords: Eruca sativa L., fertilizer options, plant development, seed yield & quality, bioactive substance & nutritional values, leave storage performance and soil chemical health.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Organic and integrated fertilizer options significantly enhanced plant growth, yield and seed quality.
- Taxon
- Eruca sativa L.
Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativat0 - Treatment
- organic and integrated fertilizer optionse0
- Outcome
- plant growth characteristics, yield and seed qualitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“organic and integrated fertilizer options significantly enhanced plant growth characteristics, yield and seed quality.”
t0“ERUCA SATIVA L.”
Claim · model-written summary
All organic fertilizer options showed positive seed-yield trends.
- Taxon
- Eruca sativa L.Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativat0
- Treatment
- all organic fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- yield trendse0
- Direction
- positivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield trends were positive (p ≤ 0.05) under all organic fertilizers”
t0“ERUCA SATIVA L.”
Claim · model-written summary
HDF+OF significantly increased height, branch number and root length.
- Taxon
- Eruca sativa L.Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativat0
- Treatment
- integrated fertilizer (HDF+OF)e0
- Outcome
- plant height, branches/plant, root lengthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“integrated fertilizer (HDF+OF) significantly increased plant height, branches/plant, root length, disease resistance, siliqua/plant, siliqua length, seeds/siliqua, 1000 seed weight, and seed yield.”
t0“ERUCA SATIVA L.”
Claim · model-written summary
HDF+OF significantly increased disease resistance.
- Taxon
- Eruca sativa L.Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativat0
- Treatment
- integrated fertilizer (HDF+OF)e0
- Outcome
- disease resistancee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“integrated fertilizer (HDF+OF) significantly increased plant height, branches/plant, root length, disease resistance, siliqua/plant, siliqua length, seeds/siliqua, 1000 seed weight, and seed yield.”
t0“ERUCA SATIVA L.”
Claim · model-written summary
HDF+OF significantly increased siliqua number and length and seeds per siliqua.
- Taxon
- Eruca sativa L.Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativat0
- Treatment
- integrated fertilizer (HDF+OF)e0
- Outcome
- siliqua/plant, siliqua length, seeds/siliquae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“integrated fertilizer (HDF+OF) significantly increased plant height, branches/plant, root length, disease resistance, siliqua/plant, siliqua length, seeds/siliqua, 1000 seed weight, and seed yield.”
t0“ERUCA SATIVA L.”
Claim · model-written summary
HDF+OF significantly increased thousand-seed weight and seed yield.
- Taxon
- Eruca sativa L.Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativat0
- Treatment
- integrated fertilizer (HDF+OF)e0
- Outcome
- 1000 seed weight, and seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“integrated fertilizer (HDF+OF) significantly increased plant height, branches/plant, root length, disease resistance, siliqua/plant, siliqua length, seeds/siliqua, 1000 seed weight, and seed yield.”
t0“ERUCA SATIVA L.”
Claim · model-written summary
HDF+OF increased annual seed yield by 10%, 12%, 18% and 22% versus chemical fertilizer over four years.
- Taxon
- Eruca sativa L.Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativat0
- Treatment
- HDF+OFe0
- Outcome
- annual seed yielde0
- Direction
- more thane0
- Value
- 10, 12, 18 and 22%e0
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The annual seed yield obtained from the field fertilized with (HDF+OF) were 10, 12, 18 and 22% more than that of the field fertilized with chemical fertilizer, respectively during four years of study.”
t0“ERUCA SATIVA L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer increased seed oil, protein, glucosinolate and acid contents.
- Taxon
- Eruca sativa L.Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativat0
- Treatment
- organic fertilizere0
- Outcome
- Oil, protein, glucosinolates and acids contents in seede0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oil, protein, glucosinolates and acids contents in seed also increased with organic fertilizer.”
t0“ERUCA SATIVA L.”
Claim · model-written summary
HDF+OF leaves contained 119.36±0.48 mg 100g-1 FM L-ascorbic acid.
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- HDF+OFe0
- Outcome
- L-ascorbic acide0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 119.36±0.48 mg 100g-1 FMe0
ErucaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eruca plant leaves fertilized with (HDF+OF) contained higher bioactive substance concentrations as L-ascorbic acid (119.36±0.48 mg 100g-1 FM), chlorophyll (0.73±0.01 mg 100g-1 FM), glucosinolates (17.18±0.09 µmol g-1 DM), flavonoid (0.90±0.00 g 100g-1 DM) and essential oil (0.16±0.00 ml 100g-1 DM).”
Claim · model-written summary
HDF+OF leaves contained 0.73±0.01 mg 100g-1 FM chlorophyll.
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- HDF+OFe0
- Outcome
- chlorophylle0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 0.73±0.01 mg 100g-1 FMe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eruca plant leaves fertilized with (HDF+OF) contained higher bioactive substance concentrations as L-ascorbic acid (119.36±0.48 mg 100g-1 FM), chlorophyll (0.73±0.01 mg 100g-1 FM), glucosinolates (17.18±0.09 µmol g-1 DM), flavonoid (0.90±0.00 g 100g-1 DM) and essential oil (0.16±0.00 ml 100g-1 DM).”
Claim · model-written summary
HDF+OF leaves contained 17.18±0.09 µmol g-1 DM glucosinolates.
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- HDF+OFe0
- Outcome
- glucosinolatese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 17.18±0.09 µmol g-1 DMe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eruca plant leaves fertilized with (HDF+OF) contained higher bioactive substance concentrations as L-ascorbic acid (119.36±0.48 mg 100g-1 FM), chlorophyll (0.73±0.01 mg 100g-1 FM), glucosinolates (17.18±0.09 µmol g-1 DM), flavonoid (0.90±0.00 g 100g-1 DM) and essential oil (0.16±0.00 ml 100g-1 DM).”
Claim · model-written summary
HDF+OF leaves contained 0.90±0.00 g 100g-1 DM flavonoid.
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- HDF+OFe0
- Outcome
- flavonoide0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 0.90±0.00 g 100g-1 DMe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eruca plant leaves fertilized with (HDF+OF) contained higher bioactive substance concentrations as L-ascorbic acid (119.36±0.48 mg 100g-1 FM), chlorophyll (0.73±0.01 mg 100g-1 FM), glucosinolates (17.18±0.09 µmol g-1 DM), flavonoid (0.90±0.00 g 100g-1 DM) and essential oil (0.16±0.00 ml 100g-1 DM).”
Claim · model-written summary
HDF+OF leaves contained 0.16±0.00 ml 100g-1 DM essential oil.
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- HDF+OFe0
- Outcome
- essential oile0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 0.16±0.00 ml 100g-1 DMe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eruca plant leaves fertilized with (HDF+OF) contained higher bioactive substance concentrations as L-ascorbic acid (119.36±0.48 mg 100g-1 FM), chlorophyll (0.73±0.01 mg 100g-1 FM), glucosinolates (17.18±0.09 µmol g-1 DM), flavonoid (0.90±0.00 g 100g-1 DM) and essential oil (0.16±0.00 ml 100g-1 DM).”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated fertilizers improved nutritional content and energy values in Eruca leaves.
- Taxon
- eruca sativaEruca vesicaria subsp. sativae0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Integrated fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- nutritional contents and energy valuese0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Integrated fertilizers proved to be more beneficial due to improved nutritional contents and energy values in eruca sativa leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf senescence was delayed during storage at 0 and 5°C.
- Taxon
- Eruca sativa L.Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativat0
- Outcome
- senescencee0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Qualifier
- storage period of 0 and 5°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The senescence was effectively delayed throughout the storage period of 0 and 5°C.”
t0“ERUCA SATIVA L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer significantly improved soil bulk density and chemical health versus chemical fertilizer.
- Taxon
- Eruca sativa L.Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativat0
- Treatment
- organic fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- bulk density and soil chemical healthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with chemical fertilizers, the organic fertilizers significantly improved bulk density and soil chemical health (SOC, NO3-N, NH4-N, P, K, S, Zn contents).”
t0“ERUCA SATIVA L.”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.