Abstract
The smallholder farming sector in much of the developing world relies on the use of farm-retained seed. The availability of good quality disease free seed is important in enhancing food security but seed-borne viruses can be a major problem on farm-retained seed. Seeds of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), paprika (Capsicum annuum L.), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp), bambara [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.] and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) from smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe, Burkina Faso, Bangladesh and Vietnam were tested for seed-borne viruses using various techniques including electron microscopy, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and biological assays. Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) was detected in 36% of tomato samples and in 8% of paprika samples using indicator Nicotiana tabacum cultivars Xanthinc and White Burley. Some 43% of cowpea samples were infected with Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) and 7% were infected with the Blackeye cowpea mosaic strain of Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV-BlCM). Peanut mottle virus (PeMoV) was detected with an infection range of 5.4%- 12.5% in bambara samples tested using indirect antigen-first ELISA, indicator IITA cowpea lines Tvu 3433, Tvu 1582, Tvu 401 and Tvu 2657 and Phaseolus vulgaris cultivar Topcrop. No viruses were detected in the peanut samples. The lack of a broad range of serological antisera limited the number of viruses tested but results show that the bulk of the samples were infected with seed-borne viruses. The results imply that resources must be invested in improving the quality of seed from the smallholder sector. National and international germplasm collection centres should be equipped with capacity to test for seed-borne viruses so as to minimize the movement of infected germplasm in breeding materials or germplasm exchange in international collections.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
ToMV occurred in 36% of tomato samples.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Interactor
- Tomato mosaic virus
Tomato mosaic viruse0pathogen - Outcome
- Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) was detectede0
- Value
- 36%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) was detected in 36% of tomato samples”
e1“tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)”
Claim · model-written summary
ToMV occurred in 8% of paprika samples.
- Taxon
- paprikae0
- Interactor
- Tomato mosaic virusTomato mosaic viruse1pathogen
- Outcome
- ToMVe1
- Value
- 8%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in 8% of paprika samples”
e1“Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) was detected in 36% of tomato samples and in 8% of paprika samples”
Claim · model-written summary
CABMV infected 43% of cowpea samples.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatae0 - Interactor
- Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virusCowpea aphid-borne mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- infected with Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic viruse0
- Value
- 43%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“43% of cowpea samples were infected with Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV)”
Claim · model-written summary
BCMV-BlCM infected 7% of cowpea samples.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae1
- Interactor
- Bean common mosaic virus
_-_Howard_F._Schwartz.jpg?width=60)
Bean common mosaic viruse0pathogen - Outcome
- infected with the Blackeye cowpea mosaic strain of Bean common mosaic viruse0
- Value
- 7%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_-_Howard_F._Schwartz.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“7% were infected with the Blackeye cowpea mosaic strain of Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV-BlCM)”
e1“cowpea samples”
Claim · model-written summary
PeMoV infected 5.4%- 12.5% of bambara samples.
- Taxon
- bambarae0
- Interactor
- Peanut mottle virus
Peanut mottle viruse0pathogen - Outcome
- Peanut mottle virus (PeMoV) was detectede0
- Value
- 5.4%- 12.5%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Peanut mottle virus (PeMoV) was detected with an infection range of 5.4%- 12.5% in bambara samples”
Claim · model-written summary
No viruses were detected in peanut samples.
- Taxon
- peanut
Arachis hypogaeae0 - Outcome
- No viruses were detectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No viruses were detected in the peanut samples”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend investment in smallholder seed quality.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Outcome
- improving the quality of seed from the smallholder sectore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resources must be invested in improving the quality of seed from the smallholder sector”
e1“Seeds of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), paprika (Capsicum annuum L.), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp), bambara [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.] and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend virus testing capacity for germplasm collection centres.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Outcome
- capacity to test for seed-borne virusese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“National and international germplasm collection centres should be equipped with capacity to test for seed-borne viruses”
e1“Seeds of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), paprika (Capsicum annuum L.), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp), bambara [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.] and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”