Abstract
An innovative approach to stimulate the production of plant secondary metabolites (PSM) is the use of encapsulated bioactive agents. Zinc-alginate microparticles [microspheres (ALG/Zn) and microcapsules (CS/ALG/Zn)] were applied near the root zone of soilless cultivated strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne) to ensure a constant supply of an essential micronutrient zinc ions throughout the whole period of maturation. Both, ALG/Zn and CS/ALG/Zn had a positive effect on PSM (total polyphenols, total flavonoids, total anthocyanins, and flavan-3-ols) synthesis and increased antioxidant activity in two strawberry varieties (Albion and San Andreas). Treatments with Zn-alginate microparticles resulted in no visible damages on the plant and fruits. A two-year study revealed an increase of ~34% in total polyphenolic compounds and ~23% in total flavonoids in the San Andreas variety. The highest increase in antioxidant activity [ABTS (~37%) and DPPH (~38%)] was observed in the San Andreas variety treated with CS/ALG/Zn. Respectively high increase in anthocyanins was observed in both varieties (~54% and ~61%, respectively) treated with CS/ALG/Zn. Treatments with zinc-alginate microparticles resulted in a successful stimulation of PSM synthesis and increased strawberries' nutritive value. Encapsulation of zinc ions proved to be simple, sustainable, and environmentally favorable to produce strawberries fortified with important bioactive compounds.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
ALG/Zn and CS/ALG/Zn microparticles had a positive effect on total polyphenols, total flavonoids and total anthocyanins synthesis in strawberries.
- Taxon
- strawberries
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassae1 - Material
- Albion and San Andrease2
- Treatment
- ALG/Zn and CS/ALG/Zne2
- Outcome
- total polyphenols, total flavonoids, total anthocyaninse2
- Direction
- positive effecte2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“soilless cultivated strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne)”
e2“Both, ALG/Zn and CS/ALG/Zn had a positive effect on PSM (total polyphenols, total flavonoids, total anthocyanins, and flavan-3-ols) synthesis and increased antioxidant activity in two strawberry varieties (Albion and San Andreas)”
Claim · model-written summary
ALG/Zn and CS/ALG/Zn microparticles had a positive effect on flavan-3-ols synthesis in strawberries.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassae1
- Material
- Albion and San Andrease2
- Treatment
- ALG/Zn and CS/ALG/Zne2
- Outcome
- flavan-3-olse2
- Direction
- positive effecte2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“soilless cultivated strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne)”
e2“Both, ALG/Zn and CS/ALG/Zn had a positive effect on PSM (total polyphenols, total flavonoids, total anthocyanins, and flavan-3-ols) synthesis and increased antioxidant activity in two strawberry varieties (Albion and San Andreas)”
Claim · model-written summary
ALG/Zn and CS/ALG/Zn microparticles increased antioxidant activity in strawberries.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassae1
- Material
- Albion and San Andrease2
- Treatment
- ALG/Zn and CS/ALG/Zne2
- Outcome
- antioxidant activitye2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“soilless cultivated strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne)”
e2“Both, ALG/Zn and CS/ALG/Zn had a positive effect on PSM (total polyphenols, total flavonoids, total anthocyanins, and flavan-3-ols) synthesis and increased antioxidant activity in two strawberry varieties (Albion and San Andreas)”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc-alginate microparticles increased total polyphenolic compounds by ~34% in the San Andreas strawberry variety in a two-year study.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassae1
- Material
- San Andrease4
- Treatment
- ALG/Zn and CS/ALG/Zne2
- Outcome
- total polyphenolic compoundse4
- Direction
- increasee4
- Value
- ~34%e4
- Qualifier
- two-year studye4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“soilless cultivated strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne)”
e2“Both, ALG/Zn and CS/ALG/Zn”
e4“A two-year study revealed an increase of ~34% in total polyphenolic compounds and ~23% in total flavonoids in the San Andreas variety”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc-alginate microparticles increased total flavonoids by ~23% in the San Andreas strawberry variety in a two-year study.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassae1
- Material
- San Andrease4
- Treatment
- ALG/Zn and CS/ALG/Zne2
- Outcome
- total flavonoidse4
- Direction
- increasee4
- Value
- ~23%e4
- Qualifier
- two-year studye4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“soilless cultivated strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne)”
e2“Both, ALG/Zn and CS/ALG/Zn”
e4“A two-year study revealed an increase of ~34% in total polyphenolic compounds and ~23% in total flavonoids in the San Andreas variety”
Claim · model-written summary
CS/ALG/Zn treatment gave the highest increase in ABTS antioxidant activity (~37%) in the San Andreas strawberry variety.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassae1
- Material
- San Andrease5
- Treatment
- CS/ALG/Zne5
- Outcome
- antioxidant activitye5
- Direction
- highest increasee5
- Value
- ~37%e5
- Qualifier
- ABTSe5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“soilless cultivated strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne)”
e5“The highest increase in antioxidant activity [ABTS (~37%) and DPPH (~38%)] was observed in the San Andreas variety treated with CS/ALG/Zn”
Claim · model-written summary
CS/ALG/Zn treatment gave the highest increase in DPPH antioxidant activity (~38%) in the San Andreas strawberry variety.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassae1
- Material
- San Andrease5
- Treatment
- CS/ALG/Zne5
- Outcome
- antioxidant activitye5
- Direction
- highest increasee5
- Value
- ~38%e5
- Qualifier
- DPPHe5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“soilless cultivated strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne)”
e5“The highest increase in antioxidant activity [ABTS (~37%) and DPPH (~38%)] was observed in the San Andreas variety treated with CS/ALG/Zn”
Claim · model-written summary
CS/ALG/Zn treatment increased anthocyanins by ~54% and ~61% in both strawberry varieties.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassae1
- Treatment
- CS/ALG/Zne6
- Outcome
- anthocyaninse6
- Direction
- high increasee6
- Value
- ~54% and ~61%e6
- Qualifier
- both varietiese6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“soilless cultivated strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne)”
e6“Respectively high increase in anthocyanins was observed in both varieties (~54% and ~61%, respectively) treated with CS/ALG/Zn”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc-alginate microparticles caused no visible damage to strawberry plants and fruits.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassae1
- Treatment
- Zn-alginate microparticlese3
- Outcome
- no visible damages on the plant and fruitse3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“soilless cultivated strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne)”
e3“Treatments with Zn-alginate microparticles resulted in no visible damages on the plant and fruits”
The same questions in other papers
zinc atom · quality: phytochemicals · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.