Abstract
In-planta mechanisms of biochar (BC)-mediated improved growth were evaluated by examining oxidative stress, metabolic, and hormonal changes of Arabidopsis wild-type plants under basal or acute heat stress (-HS/ + HS) conditions with or without BC (+ BC/-BC). The oxidative stress was evaluated by using Arabidopsis expressing redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein in the plastids (pla-roGFP2). Fresh biomass and inflorescence height were greater in + BC(‒HS) plants than in the -BC(‒HS) plants, despite similar leaf nutrient levels, photosystem II (PSII) maximal efficiencies and similar oxidative poise. Endogenous levels of jasmonic and abscisic acids were higher in the + BC(‒HS) treatment, suggesting their role in growth improvement. HS in ‒BC plants caused reductions in inflorescence height and PSII maximum quantum yield, as well as significant oxidative stress symptoms manifested by increased lipid peroxidation, greater chloroplast redox poise (oxidized form of roGFP), increased expression of DNAJ heat shock proteins and Zn-finger genes, and reduced expression of glutathione-S-transferase gene in addition to higher abscisic acid and salicylic acid levels. Oxidative stress symptoms were significantly reduced by BC. Results suggest that growth improvements by BC occurring under basal and HS conditions are induced by acclimation mechanisms to 'microstresses' associated with basal growth and to oxidative stress of HS, respectively.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar increased fresh biomass and inflorescence height under basal conditions.
Verbatim
e0“Fresh biomass and inflorescence height were greater in + BC(‒HS) plants than in the -BC(‒HS) plants, despite similar leaf nutrient levels, photosystem II (PSII) maximal efficiencies and similar oxidative poise.”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar raised jasmonic and abscisic acid levels under basal conditions.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Endogenous levels of jasmonic and abscisic acids were higher in the + BC(‒HS) treatment, suggesting their role in growth improvement.”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress changed inflorescence height and PSII maximum quantum yield.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Treatment
- HSe0
- Outcome
- inflorescence height and PSII maximum quantum yielde0
- Direction
- reductionse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“HS in ‒BC plants caused reductions in inflorescence height and PSII maximum quantum yield, as well as significant oxidative stress symptoms manifested by increased lipid peroxidation, greater chloroplast redox poise (oxidized form of roGFP), increased expression of DNAJ heat shock proteins and Zn-finger genes, and reduced expression of glutathione-S-transferase gene in addition to higher abscisic acid and salicylic acid levels.”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress changed lipid peroxidation.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Treatment
- HSe0
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“HS in ‒BC plants caused reductions in inflorescence height and PSII maximum quantum yield, as well as significant oxidative stress symptoms manifested by increased lipid peroxidation, greater chloroplast redox poise (oxidized form of roGFP), increased expression of DNAJ heat shock proteins and Zn-finger genes, and reduced expression of glutathione-S-transferase gene in addition to higher abscisic acid and salicylic acid levels.”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress changed chloroplast redox poise.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Treatment
- HSe0
- Outcome
- chloroplast redox poisee0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“HS in ‒BC plants caused reductions in inflorescence height and PSII maximum quantum yield, as well as significant oxidative stress symptoms manifested by increased lipid peroxidation, greater chloroplast redox poise (oxidized form of roGFP), increased expression of DNAJ heat shock proteins and Zn-finger genes, and reduced expression of glutathione-S-transferase gene in addition to higher abscisic acid and salicylic acid levels.”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress changed expression of DNAJ heat shock proteins and Zn-finger genes.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Treatment
- HSe0
- Outcome
- expression of DNAJ heat shock proteins and Zn-finger genese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“HS in ‒BC plants caused reductions in inflorescence height and PSII maximum quantum yield, as well as significant oxidative stress symptoms manifested by increased lipid peroxidation, greater chloroplast redox poise (oxidized form of roGFP), increased expression of DNAJ heat shock proteins and Zn-finger genes, and reduced expression of glutathione-S-transferase gene in addition to higher abscisic acid and salicylic acid levels.”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress changed expression of glutathione-S-transferase gene.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Treatment
- HSe0
- Outcome
- expression of glutathione-S-transferase genee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“HS in ‒BC plants caused reductions in inflorescence height and PSII maximum quantum yield, as well as significant oxidative stress symptoms manifested by increased lipid peroxidation, greater chloroplast redox poise (oxidized form of roGFP), increased expression of DNAJ heat shock proteins and Zn-finger genes, and reduced expression of glutathione-S-transferase gene in addition to higher abscisic acid and salicylic acid levels.”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress changed abscisic acid and salicylic acid levels.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Treatment
- HSe0
- Outcome
- abscisic acid and salicylic acid levelse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“HS in ‒BC plants caused reductions in inflorescence height and PSII maximum quantum yield, as well as significant oxidative stress symptoms manifested by increased lipid peroxidation, greater chloroplast redox poise (oxidized form of roGFP), increased expression of DNAJ heat shock proteins and Zn-finger genes, and reduced expression of glutathione-S-transferase gene in addition to higher abscisic acid and salicylic acid levels.”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar reduced oxidative stress symptoms.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Oxidative stress symptoms were significantly reduced by BC.”
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biochar · growth · Viridiplantae (plants)Results agree
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See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.