Abstract
In order to determine physiobiochemical mechanisms of the first cropping rice and its ratoon rice under different N application modes in the first cropping rice, the different ratios of N supply for basal-tillering fertilizer to that for spike fertilizer in the first cropping rice were designed under total N supply of 225 kg·hm-2, which were N1 (8︰2), N2 (7︰3), N3 (6︰4), and zero N supply (N0) was the control. Changes in nitrate reductase activity, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, and root activity were analyzed and their effect on dry-matter accumulation and grain yield formation determined. The results show that the changing tendency in nitrate reductase activity, chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate in different treatments is similar under different N application modes in different developmental stages of the first cropping rice and its ratoon rice, showing increasing at the early stage, peaking at the booting stage, then gradually declining in the first cropping rice. It rapidly ascends again at full- heading stage, and then rapidly declines at the ripening stage of the ratoon rice. It is also found that bleeding rate continuously declines after the booting stage of the first cropping rice, however, during the ratooning cropping, it gradually increases at budding and tillering stages, reaches a peak at full-heading stage, then gradually declines at maturity. The result indicates that nitrogen supply enhances nitrate reductase activity, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate and root activity. This therefore suggests that the proportion of N supply should be increased to enhance these parameters during the middle and late growth stages of the first cropping rice. The good pratoce in N application can also enhance root activity, especially at the booting stage of the first cropping rice. This, in turn, can result in increased dry-matter accumulation of the first cropping rice, consequently, high grain output of the ratoon rice .
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrate reductase activity, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate in first cropping rice rose early, peaked at booting and then declined.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Organ / stage
- booting stagee0
- Outcome
- nitrate reductase activity, chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“its ratoon rice”
e0“nitrate reductase activity, chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate in different treatments is similar under different N application modes in different developmental stages of the first cropping rice and its ratoon rice, showing increasing at the early stage, peaking at the booting stage, then gradually declining in the first cropping rice”
Claim · model-written summary
These physiological traits rose at full heading and fell at ripening in ratoon rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- full- heading stagee0
- Outcome
- It rapidly ascends againe0
- Direction
- ascendse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“its ratoon rice”
e0“It rapidly ascends again at full- heading stage, and then rapidly declines at the ripening stage of the ratoon rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Bleeding rate declined after booting in first cropping rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- booting stagee0
- Outcome
- bleeding ratee0
- Direction
- declinese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“its ratoon rice”
e0“bleeding rate continuously declines after the booting stage of the first cropping rice”
Claim · model-written summary
During ratooning, bleeding rate increased at budding and tillering, peaked at full heading and declined at maturity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- budding and tillering stagese0
- Outcome
- it gradually increasese0
- Direction
- increasese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“its ratoon rice”
e0“during the ratooning cropping, it gradually increases at budding and tillering stages, reaches a peak at full-heading stage, then gradually declines at maturity”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen supply enhanced nitrate reductase activity, chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- nitrogen supplye0
- Outcome
- nitrate reductase activity, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- enhancese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“its ratoon rice”
e0“nitrogen supply enhances nitrate reductase activity, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate and root activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen supply enhanced root activity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- nitrogen supplye0
- Outcome
- root activitye0
- Direction
- enhancese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“its ratoon rice”
e0“nitrogen supply enhances nitrate reductase activity, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate and root activity”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest increasing the proportion of nitrogen supplied during middle and late growth to enhance physiological parameters.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- middle and late growth stagese0
- Outcome
- the proportion of N supply should be increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“its ratoon rice”
e0“the proportion of N supply should be increased to enhance these parameters during the middle and late growth stages of the first cropping rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Good nitrogen application enhanced root activity, especially at booting.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- booting stagee0
- Treatment
- N applicatione0
- Outcome
- root activitye0
- Direction
- enhancee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“its ratoon rice”
e0“The good pratoce in N application can also enhance root activity, especially at the booting stage of the first cropping rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors state that increased root activity can increase dry matter accumulation in first cropping rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- dry-matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- This, in turne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“its ratoon rice”
e0“This, in turn, can result in increased dry-matter accumulation of the first cropping rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors link increased dry matter accumulation to high ratoon grain output.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- grain outpute0
- Direction
- highe0
- Qualifier
- increased dry-matter accumulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“its ratoon rice”
e0“increased dry-matter accumulation of the first cropping rice, consequently, high grain output of the ratoon rice”
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