Abstract
Echinochloa crus-galli, one of the world’s most serious weeds, influences seriously the yield and quality of cereal crop plant.It is well known that E.crus-galli grain is dormant, but its dormant type, as well as its dormancy release and germination in relation to galactomannan-hydrolysing enzyme activity were poorly understood.The cooperation of endo-β-mannanase(EC 3.2.1.78), β-mannosidase(EC 3.2.1.25) and α-galactosidase(EC 3.2.1.22) can hydrolyze the cell walls rich in mannan-based polymers.In the present paper, the mature grains are used as experimental materials, we investigated the water uptake of grains, the effect of removing partial endosperm, after-ripening, stratification and phytohormone on grain germination, and the change in endo-β-mannanase, β-mannosidase and α-galactosidase activities of grains during after-ripening and germination.The results showed that the freshly-collected grains were water-permeable and had only phase I and II of water uptake, while the grains after-ripened for 150 d had an obvious phase III of water uptake.In alternating photoperiod, the germination of grains freshly-collected was zero at 10–35°C, and that of half grains was 11% at 20°C only.The grain germination was notably promoted by after-ripening and stratification, but not by gibberellic acid and 6-benzyladenine at 0.0001–1 mmol L–1.β-Mannosidase activity increased during 0 to 300 d of after-ripening and then decreased.The activity of endo-β-mannanase and α-galactosidase of grains decreased with after-ripening.During grain germination, endo-β-mannanase and β-mannosidase activities obviously increased, while α-galactosidase activity decreased.Our data showed that E.crus-galli grain was a deep physiological dormant, the dormancy release by after-ripening was related to an increasing β-mannosidase activity, and its germination was closely associated with an increasing endo-β-mannanase and β-mannosidase activity; which have provided new knowledge to decrease the harm of E.crus-galli on production o
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Freshly collected Echinochloa crus-galli grains showed zero germination in alternating photoperiod at 10-35 °C.
- Taxon
- Echinochloa crus-galli
Echinochloa crus-gallie0 - Organ / stage
- grainse1
- Treatment
- alternating photoperiode1
- Outcome
- germinatione1
- Value
- zeroe1
- Qualifier
- 10–35°Ce1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Echinochloa crus-galli, one of the world’s most serious weeds”
e1“In alternating photoperiod, the germination of grains freshly-collected was zero at 10–35°C”
Claim · model-written summary
Half of the grains germinated at 11% at 20 °C only, in alternating photoperiod.
- Taxon
- Echinochloa crus-galliEchinochloa crus-gallie0
- Organ / stage
- half grainse2
- Treatment
- alternating photoperiode1
- Outcome
- germinatione1
- Value
- 11%e2
- Qualifier
- 20°C onlye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Echinochloa crus-galli, one of the world’s most serious weeds”
e1“In alternating photoperiod, the germination of grains freshly-collected was zero at 10–35°C”
e2“and that of half grains was 11% at 20°C only”
Claim · model-written summary
After-ripening and stratification notably promoted grain germination of Echinochloa crus-galli.
- Taxon
- Echinochloa crus-galliEchinochloa crus-gallie0
- Treatment
- after-ripening and stratificatione3
- Outcome
- grain germinatione3
- Direction
- promotede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Echinochloa crus-galli, one of the world’s most serious weeds”
e3“The grain germination was notably promoted by after-ripening and stratification”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid and 6-benzyladenine at 0.0001-1 mmol L-1 did not promote grain germination of Echinochloa crus-galli.
- Taxon
- Echinochloa crus-galliEchinochloa crus-gallie0
- Treatment
- gibberellic acid and 6-benzyladenine at 0.0001–1 mmol L–1e4
- Outcome
- grain germinatione3
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Echinochloa crus-galli, one of the world’s most serious weeds”
e3“The grain germination was notably promoted by after-ripening and stratification”
e4“but not by gibberellic acid and 6-benzyladenine at 0.0001–1 mmol L–1”
Claim · model-written summary
beta-Mannosidase activity increased during 0 to 300 d of after-ripening.
- Taxon
- Echinochloa crus-galliEchinochloa crus-gallie0
- Treatment
- after-ripeninge5
- Gene
- β-Mannosidasee5
- Outcome
- β-Mannosidase activitye5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Qualifier
- 0 to 300 de5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Echinochloa crus-galli, one of the world’s most serious weeds”
e5“β-Mannosidase activity increased during 0 to 300 d of after-ripening and then decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
beta-Mannosidase activity decreased after 300 d of after-ripening.
- Taxon
- Echinochloa crus-galliEchinochloa crus-gallie0
- Treatment
- after-ripeninge5
- Gene
- β-Mannosidasee5
- Outcome
- β-Mannosidase activitye5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Qualifier
- thene5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Echinochloa crus-galli, one of the world’s most serious weeds”
e5“β-Mannosidase activity increased during 0 to 300 d of after-ripening and then decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Endo-β-mannanase and α-galactosidase activities of grains decreased with after-ripening.
- Taxon
- Echinochloa crus-galliEchinochloa crus-gallie0
- Treatment
- after-ripeninge6
- Gene
- endo-β-mannanase and α-galactosidasee6
- Outcome
- activity of endo-β-mannanase and α-galactosidasee6
- Direction
- decreasede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Echinochloa crus-galli, one of the world’s most serious weeds”
e6“The activity of endo-β-mannanase and α-galactosidase of grains decreased with after-ripening”
Claim · model-written summary
Endo-β-mannanase and β-mannosidase activities of grains increased during germination.
- Taxon
- Echinochloa crus-galliEchinochloa crus-gallie0
- Treatment
- grain germinatione7
- Gene
- endo-β-mannanase and β-mannosidasee7
- Outcome
- endo-β-mannanase and β-mannosidase activitiese7
- Direction
- increasede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Echinochloa crus-galli, one of the world’s most serious weeds”
e7“During grain germination, endo-β-mannanase and β-mannosidase activities obviously increased, while α-galactosidase activity decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Alpha-galactosidase activity of grains decreased during germination.
- Taxon
- Echinochloa crus-galliEchinochloa crus-gallie0
- Treatment
- grain germinatione7
- Gene
- α-galactosidasee7
- Outcome
- α-galactosidase activitye7
- Direction
- decreasede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Echinochloa crus-galli, one of the world’s most serious weeds”
e7“During grain germination, endo-β-mannanase and β-mannosidase activities obviously increased, while α-galactosidase activity decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Dormancy release by after-ripening is explained by an increase in beta-mannosidase activity.
- Taxon
- Echinochloa crus-galliEchinochloa crus-gallie0
- Treatment
- after-ripeninge1
- Gene
- β-mannosidasee1
- Outcome
- dormancy releasee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Echinochloa crus-galli, one of the world’s most serious weeds”
e1“the dormancy release by after-ripening was related to an increasing β-mannosidase activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Echinochloa crus-galli grains were a deep physiological dormant type.
- Taxon
- E.crus-galliEchinochloa crus-gallie1
- Outcome
- deep physiological dormante1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“E.crus-galli grain was a deep physiological dormant”
Claim · model-written summary
Grains after-ripened for 150 d showed an obvious phase III of water uptake.
- Taxon
- Echinochloa crus-galliEchinochloa crus-gallie0
- Organ / stage
- grainse1
- Treatment
- after-ripened for 150 de1
- Outcome
- phase III of water uptakee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Echinochloa crus-galli, one of the world’s most serious weeds”
e1“the grains after-ripened for 150 d had an obvious phase III of water uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
Freshly collected grains were water-permeable and had only phases I and II of water uptake.
- Taxon
- Echinochloa crus-galliEchinochloa crus-gallie0
- Organ / stage
- freshly-collected grainse1
- Outcome
- water-permeablee1
- Qualifier
- only phase I and II of water uptakee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Echinochloa crus-galli, one of the world’s most serious weeds”
e1“the freshly-collected grains were water-permeable and had only phase I and II of water uptake”
The same questions in other papers
Gibberellic acid · growth · Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.